Determinants of credit constraints and its impact on the adoption of climate change adaptation strategies among rice farmers in South-West Nigeria

Journal of Economic Structures

The Official Journal of the Pan-Pacific Association of Input-Output Studies (PAPAIOS)

Table 4 Effect of credit constraints on the choice of adaptation strategies: IV-GMM model

Improved technology	Coefficient	Standard error	P-value
Access to climate information	5.502	2.014	0.006^a
Predicted credit risk	− 4.031	1.707	0.018^b
Predicted credit price	− 0.469	1.164	0.687
Predicted credit quantity	− 0.895	1.455	0.538
Gender	0.107	0.281	0.703
Marital status	− 0.954	0.491	0.052^c
Age	0.035	0.023	0.122
Educational status	− 0.002	0.026	0.930
Off-farm income	4.224	0.327	0.000^a
Farm size	0.025	0.059	0.676
Prolonged drought	2.031	0.963	0.035^b
Incidence of flood	− 1.719	0.988	0.082^c
Annual temp	2.170	2.266	0.338
Annul ppt	0.017	0.011	0.109
Location_Ekiti	0.954	0.389	0.014^b
Location_Osun	0.100	0.375	0.799
Constant	− 65.403	63.026	0.299
Prob > Chi² = 0.0000
R² = 0.4335
Wald chi²(18) = 345.32
Over-identification test Sargan test (P-value) 0.995 Exogeneity tests: (P-value) Wu–Hausman F-test Durbin–Wu–Hausman Chi-square test 0.000

^{a, b, c} Represent significance level at 1%, 5% and 10%, respectively; Std. Err is a robust standard error; Location_Ondo was used as the base category