The Official Journal of the Pan-Pacific Association of Input-Output Studies (PAPAIOS)
Table 1 Commencement of investment liberalization
From: Liberalization and FDI Performance: Evidence from ASEAN and SAFTA Member Countries
FDI policy aspects | Countries | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bangladesh | Pakistan | India | Indonesia | Thailand | Philippines | Vietnam | |
100% equity investment in most sectors | 1980 | 1989 | 1990 (some sectors) 2005–2006 (most sectors) | 1967 (some sectors for a span of 30 years); 2007 (except few sectors) | n/a | 1972 (within EPZ), 1991 (outside EPZ) | 1987 |
Introducing tax holiday | n/a | n/a | 1991 | 1967 | 1960 | n/a | 1987 |
Ensuring national treatment | 1980 | 1992 | 1991 | 1967 | n/a | n/a | 2005 |
Granting repatriation of capital | 1991 | 1976 (by industrial sector) | 2000 | 2000 | 1977 | 1967 | 1987 |
Permission to import capital machinery/Reduction of import duty on machinery and raw materials | 1980 (by EPZ firms) | 1983 (by EPZ firms) | 1991 (with limits) | 1967 | 1977 | 1967 (only machinery), 1972 (raw materials by EPZ firms) | 1992 |
Right of foreign investors to appoint foreign nationals | n/a | n/a | 1991 (only foreign technicians) | 2000 | 1977 (only skilled workers and experts) | n/a | 2005 (managers, technicians) |
Implementing first BIT | 1980 | 1981 | 1995 | 1992 | 1973 | 1981 | 1991 |
Opening first special investment zone | 1980 | 1980 | 1965 | 1973 | 1978 | 1972 | 1991 |
Guarantee against nationalization | 1980 | 1992 | n/a | 1967 | 1977 | 1967 | 1987 |