Agricultural Modernization, Structural Change and Pro-poor Growth: Policy Options for the Democratic Republic of Congo

Journal of Economic Structures

The Official Journal of the Pan-Pacific Association of Input-Output Studies (PAPAIOS)

Table 14 Summary statistics on predictors in the regression analysis

Variable	Rural		Urban		National
Variable	Mean	Standard deviation	Mean	Standard deviation	Mean	Standard deviation
Household composition
Household size (log)	1.576	0.62	1.493	0.60	1.531	0.61
Share of kids in the household	0.181	0.18	0.195	0.18	0.189	0.18
Share of young in the household	0.454	0.25	0.460	0.25	0.457	0.25
Share of adults in the household	0.505	0.25	0.493	0.25	0.499	0.25
Participation in off-farm activities (share)	0.578	0.28	0.888	0.21	0.720	0.29
Age of household head (log)	3.741	0.31	3.699	0.33	3.718	0.32
Squared age (log)	14.095	2.33	13.794	2.44	13.932	2.40
Years of education (log)	2.099	0.53	1.758	0.59	1.923	0.59
Squared years of education (log)	4.687	1.90	3.438	1.83	4.043	1.96
Farm structure
Farm-labor relationship
Household head or spouse	0.250	Binary	0.632	Binary	0.457	Binary
Other household members	0.025	Binary	0.027	Binary	0.026	Binary
Wage workers	0.005	Binary	0.008	Binary	0.006	Binary
Sharecropper	0.000	Binary	0.002	Binary	0.001	Binary
Other	0.003	Binary	0.003	Binary	0.003	Binary
Male head with spouse without rights on land	0.803	Binary	0.834	Binary	0.820	Binary
Female head holding rights on land	0.003	Binary	0.001	Binary	0.002	Binary
Male head with spouse with rights on land	0.004	Binary	0.007	Binary	0.005	Binary
Farm tools	0.816	Binary	0.985	Binary	0.908	Binary
Credit	0.092	Binary	0.118	Binary	0.106	Binary
Regional characteristics
Farming system	0.333	Binary	0.154	Binary	0.236	Binary
Household index	0.835	1.10	−0.382	0.47	0.174	1.02
Unemployment rate	5.654	4.68	3.539	2.30	4.506	3.74