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The Official Journal of the Pan-Pacific Association of Input-Output Studies (PAPAIOS)

Table 15 Explaining pro-poor technological change led growth

From: Agricultural Modernization, Structural Change and Pro-poor Growth: Policy Options for the Democratic Republic of Congo

Variables

Rural

Urban

Household composition

  

 Household size (log)

0.262***

0.327***

 Share of kids in the household

−0.216***

−0.308***

 Share of young in the household

−0.463***

−0.021

 Share of adults in the household

−0.381***

0.112

 Participation in off-farm activities (share)

0.219***

−0.181***

 Age of household head (log)

7.549***

7.029***

 Squared age (log)

−1.030***

−0.916***

 Years of education (log)

0.007

−0.237*

 Squared years of education (log)

−0.010

0.098**

Farm structure

  

 Farm-labor relationship

  

  Household head or spouse (reference)

  

  Other household members

0.027

0.054

  Wage workers

0.415***

−0.060

  Sharecropper

0.213

0.813

  Other

0.174

−0.472*

 Male head with spouse without rights on land

0.100***

0.137***

 Female head holding rights on land

0.004

0.351

 Male head with spouse with rights on land

0.183*

0.454*

 Farm tools

0.124

−0.543

 Credit

0.166**

0.495***

 Farm tools#credit (interaction term)

0.171**

0.571***

Regional characteristics

  

 Farming system

−2.606***

−0.660***

 Household index

0.189***

0.133***

 Unemployment rate

0.452***

0.127***

 Observations

4767

2192

 Adjusted R 2

0.898

0.897

  1. *p<0.10, **p<0.05, ***p<0.01
  2. Source: Author’s estimations