Table 2 Determinants of environmental efficiency

 ln I

0.343***

0.269***

0.221***

0.389***

0.423***

0.328***

0.288***

0.446***

(0.065)

(0.057)

(0.054)

(0.110)

(0.067)

(0.057)

(0.054)

(0.094)

 ln K/L

−0.073

0.007

0.017

−0.025

−0.253***

−0.158***

−0.136**

−0.230***

(0.075)

(0.056)

(0.059)

(0.071)

(0.066)

(0.049)

(0.053)

(0.072)

 ln T

0.095*

0.053

0.055

−0.049

0.130

0.068

0.086

−0.060

(0.055)

(0.038)

(0.045)

(0.079)

(0.081)

(0.049)

(0.060)

(0.114)

 Constant

−2.043^***

−2.122^***

−1.839^***

−2.326^***

−1.255^**

−1.181^**

−1.159^*

−0.932

(0.176)

(0.516)

(0.549)

(0.697)

(0.630)

(0.579)

(0.606)

(0.583)

 Time dummies

No

No

No

No

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

 Adj R2

0.195

0.26

0.208

0.23

0.309

0.422

0.326

0.138

 ln I

0.353***

0.285***

0.240***

0.395***

0.428***

0.337***

0.302***

0.451***

(0.064)

(0.057)

(0.055)

(0.116)

(0.063)

(0.055)

(0.053)

(0.103)

 ln K/L

−0.113*

−0.04

−0.023

−0.106

−0.258***

−0.168***

−0.146***

−0.266***

(0.065)

(0.053)

(0.055)

(0.071)

(0.059)

(0.046)

(0.050)

(0.079)

 ln T

0.093**

0.052

0.052

−0.021

0.113

0.056

0.071

−0.051

(0.047)

(0.033)

(0.037)

(0.056)

(0.071)

(0.042)

(0.051)

(0.085)

 Constant

−1.689^***

−1.744^***

−1.571^***

−1.633^***

−1.174**

−1.121***

−1.130**

−0.65

(0.394)

(0.387)

(0.414)

(0.473)

(0.468)

(0.426)

(0.439)

(0.426)

 Time dummies

No

No

No

No

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

 adj R2

0.195

0.26

0.208

0.055

0.317

0.433

0.338

0.151

 N

3439

3439

3439

3439

3439

3439

3439

3439

 Hausman

23.81***

59.75***

35.36***

24.95***

6.66

14.49

15.55

4.53