Table 1 Innovation input–output matrix (Γ′) (excluding the USA)

Chemical

0.009

(0.216)

−0.171

(0.133)

1.067

(0.300)

0.726

(0.362)

4.222

(1.935)

2.185

(11.579)

−9.059

(21.257)

1.898

(7.108)

Petroleum

18.055

(8.334)

0.432

(0.135)

−0.508

(1.164)

–

–

−0.250

(0.235)

–

–

Leather

24.978

(10.376)

−12.994

(4.843)

0.225

(0.120)

–

–

–

–

–

Clay glass

−3.116

(1.739)

26.303

(26.536)

−0.600

(2.233)

−0.267

(0.169)

−4.006

(2.623)

−47.194

(63.589)

29.058

(15.170)

0.069

(24.154)

Primary metal

–

–

–

20.926

(14.371)

0.330

(0.153)

1.524

(2.358)

−6.530

(6.652)

33.637

(942)

Fabricated metal

7.192

(11.749)

–

–

2.469

(4.189)

−0.024

(0.811)

0.132

(0.161)

8.073

(6.353)

54.333

(55.605)

Machinery

−1.016

(1.244)

–

2.279

(2.065)

−4.398

(2.177)

−1.261

(0.385)

0.812

(0.744)

0.001

(0.211)

0.957

(2.405)

Electrical machinery

14.029

(43.995)

–

−10.765

(11.523)

−186.645

(227)

8.637

(21.582)

−1.348

(0.762)

1.676

(1.818)

0.056

(0.198)

Motor vehicle

5.572

(3.558)

–

1.264

(0.506)

2.930

(1.051)

3.226

(2.742)

1.418

(1.084)

0.967

(0.839)

0.293

(0.706)

Transportation equipment

–

–

–

−42.926

(51.372)

5.327

(9.362)

153.309

(211)

4.083

(3.305)

59.253

(133)

Instrument

0.537

(0.729)

–

0.251

(1.930)

1.066

(3.979)

302.409

(96.902)

−2.004

(1.775)

−0.499

(0.262)

−2.405

(2.465)

Rubber

−20.284

(7.620)

−3.186

(19.413)

−91.628

(44.036)

3650.780

(10,519)

686.016

(1165)

−21.575

(47.887)

8.522

(20.171)

−0.794

(227)

Misc. manufacturing

0.659

(1.748)

–

−0.519

(1.612)

1.295

(0.839)

9.727

(6.270)

1.004

(0.497)

0.186

(1.088)

54.505

(48.644)

Transportation

–

–

–

−55.674

(57.145)

2.015

(10.425)

−539.495

(241)

−12.498

(3.694)

−173.413

(148)

Communication

8.489

(12.000)

30.121

(13.297)

6.081

(2.099)

−2.250

(11.403)

90.576

(26.440)

5.592

(0.078)

0.140

(0.136)

Chemical

115.622

(92.532)

–

–

0.211

(2.199)

19.512

(7.290)

–

1664.010

(1783)

Petroleum

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Leather

1.387

(3.316)

–

–

–

18.304

(6.370)

–

–

Clay glass

–

–

27.998

(25.270)

–

534.823

(1086)

–

138.125

(327)

Primary metal

−29.039

(16.059)

–

–

–

–

–

−30,813

(36,438)

Fabricated metal

4.100

(8.254)

204.481

(216)

–

49.682

(16.915)

−0.178

(0.475)

308.055

(197)

−455.735

(460)

Machinery

1.252

(0.523)

−0.054

(0.275)

0.637

(0.457)

−41.521

(21.468)

0.458

(0.565)

0.085

(0.248)

4.018

(8.197)

Electrical machinery

−2.247

(14.700)

–

−23.004

(12.822)

224.852

(145)

−0.656

(0.995)

–

0.338

(0.332)

Motor vehicle

0.039

(0.145)

−4.486

(12.202)

3.126

(3.675)

0.858

(0.475)

3.063

(1.248)

5.640

(11.221)

−5.251

(26.525)

Transportation equipment

−0.100

(0.370)

0.269

(0.143)

–

−1.391

(2.345)

2.811

(9.900)

0.507

(1.017)

–

Instrument

−1.799

(11.468)

43.559

(48.389)

−0.238

(0.179)

0.206

(12.569)

−5.016

(6.397)

−11.296

(44.343)

−5.433

(4.708)

Rubber

–

–

–

−0.429

(0.232)

−6.540

(2.348)

–

209.731

(396)

Misc. manufacturing

−2.124

(3.084)

7.452

(18.527)

2.112

(3.530)

0.854

(1.201)

−0.103

(0.126)

35.448

(17.031)

140.672

(262)

Transportation

−0.791

(0.362)

−0.706

(1.209)

–

0.996

(2.314)

−23.525

(10.584)

−0.077

(0.142)

–

Communication

–

115.622

353.197

(205)

1.467

(1.244)

–

0.211

−44.246

(62.574)

297.278

(184)

0.144

(0.171)