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The Official Journal of the Pan-Pacific Association of Input-Output Studies (PAPAIOS)

Table 5 Z tests for pairwise differences in innovation forward linkages (with the USA)

From: Estimating innovation input–output matrix and innovation linkages in the East Asian region and the USA

Variables

Petro

Leather

Clay

P metal

F metal

Machine

Elec

Motor

Trans eq

Instru

Rubber

Misc.

Trans

Com

Chemical

44.6***

35.4***

0.2

22.7***

7.5***

43.3***

2.6**

22.0***

8.3***

42.6***

−18.2***

2.13**

11.7***

0.7E−01

Petroleum

−0.3

−0.5E−01

20.9***

−0.4

1.0

−0.1

−0.4E−01

−0.7

−5.6***

−35.8***

−0.2

2.0**

−0.2E−01

Leather

 

−0.5E−01

20.9***

−0.4

1.1

−0.1

0.1

−0.6

−3.7***

−34.4***

−0.2

2.0**

−0.2E−01

Clay and glass

  

2.5**

0.4E−01

0.5E−01

0.4E−01

0.5E−01

0.3E−01

0.3E−01

−0.4

0.3E−01

1.0E−01

0.6E−03

Primary metal

   

−20.4***

−20.8***

−17.3***

−20.8***

−20.6***

−21.0***

−24.6***

−16.6***

−20.2***

−1.0

Fabricated metal

    

0.6

0.1E−01

0.4

−0.1

−0.3

−14.8***

−0.8E−01

1.6

−0.2E−01

Machinery

     

−0.2

−0.5

−0.9

−6.4***

−36.0***

−0.3

1.8*

−0.2E−01

Electrical machinery

      

0.1

−0.7E−01

−0.1

−5.4***

−0.7E−01

0.6

−0.2E−01

Motor vehicle

       

−0.6

−2.1**

−29.7***

−0.2

1.8**

−0.2E−01

Transportation equip

        

−0.2

−16.3***

−0.3E−01

1.9**

−0.1E−01

Instrument

         

−34.6***

0.1E−01

2.9***

−0.1E−01

Rubber

          

4.6***

,19.8***

0.2

Misc. manufacturing

           

0.7

−0.1E−01

Transportation

            

−0.1E−01

  1. Z statistics are reported in the table
  2. *, **, and *** Significance level at 10, 5, and 1 %, respectively