Labour productivity convergence and structural changes: simultaneous analysis at country, regional and industry levels

Journal of Economic Structures

The Official Journal of the Pan-Pacific Association of Input-Output Studies (PAPAIOS)

Table 3 GMM Results: speed of convergence and time duration

Aggregation levels	Dependent variable: labour productivity
	Annual %		Half-distance^a (years)
	WO-SC	W-SC	WO-SC	W-SC
Country level	3.4	1.5	20.0	46.3
Regional level	8.6	12.2	8.0	5.6
Industry level	2.5	1.7	29.9	41.2

Sample: 19 countries, 205 regions over the time 1991–2009
W/WO-SC represents with/without structural change
Annual % measured as (β = −ln(1 − λ)/T) and HL = (ln(2)/β)
HL shows time required for y to be halfway between
^aHalf-distance means time required to cover the half distance between initial and steady-state level of income