The Official Journal of the Pan-Pacific Association of Input-Output Studies (PAPAIOS)
Table 9 Effects of network position in farmers group on knowledge acquisition
Variables | Coffee scores (only for coffee farmers) | Cocoa scores (only for cocoa farmers) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | |
Time × degree centrality | 1.453 | 0.0370 | ||||
(2.022) | (0.719) | |||||
Time × closeness centrality | 1.472 | 0.416 | ||||
(3.363) | (1.223) | |||||
Time × betweenness centrality | 3.879 | 1.397 | ||||
(4.209) | (1.429) | |||||
Degree centrality | −0.0969 | 2.081** | ||||
(1.684) | (0.893) | |||||
Closeness centrality | 0.523 | 3.049** | ||||
(2.906) | (1.458) | |||||
Betweenness centrality | −0.890 | 3.635** | ||||
(3.087) | (1.688) | |||||
Time | 3.842*** | 3.466* | 4.027*** | 1.688*** | 1.483** | 1.631*** |
(0.796) | (1.841) | (0.598) | (0.348) | (0.749) | (0.270) | |
Living nearby extension official | 0.306 | 0.292 | 0.276 | −0.0927 | −0.0828 | −0.313 |
(within 15-min walk) | (0.493) | (0.492) | (0.498) | (0.427) | (0.426) | (0.421) |
Years of education of household head | 0.124** | 0.123** | 0.124** | 0.165*** | 0.169*** | 0.155*** |
(0.0622) | (0.0618) | (0.0605) | (0.0558) | (0.0567) | (0.0527) | |
Motorbike possession | 1.024 | 1.050 | 1.000 | −0.0379 | 0.0126 | −0.367 |
(=1 if owning) | (0.703) | (0.701) | (0.714) | (0.352) | (0.374) | (0.354) |
Mobile phone possession | −0.951* | −0.957* | −0.938* | 0.808 | 0.770 | 0.619 |
(=1 if owning) | (0.495) | (0.492) | (0.488) | (0.550) | (0.577) | (0.590) |
Organic fertilizer | 0.930** | 0.881** | 0.946** | −1.177** | −1.206** | −0.949** |
(=1 if using) | (0.428) | (0.438) | (0.423) | (0.490) | (0.509) | (0.457) |
Chemical fertilizer | −0.658* | −0.648* | −0.655* | 1.206*** | 1.155** | 1.296*** |
(=1 if using) | (0.383) | (0.384) | (0.385) | (0.462) | (0.459) | (0.459) |
Years of experience cultivating coffee | 0.0117 | 0.0116 | 0.0122 | |||
(0.0176) | (0.0176) | (0.0170) | ||||
Years of experience cultivating cocoa | 0.00556 | 0.00392 | 0.00358 | |||
(0.0173) | (0.0172) | (0.0168) | ||||
Constant | 5.994*** | 5.646*** | 6.057*** | 8.184*** | 7.192*** | 9.572*** |
(0.937) | (1.453) | (1.026) | (1.791) | (2.033) | (1.578) | |
\(W \times Y_{it}\) | −0.598*** | −0.597*** | −0.598*** | −0.450*** | −0.459*** | −0.471*** |
(0.144) | (0.143) | (0.144) | (0.151) | (0.149) | (0.150) | |
Farmers group fixed effects | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Observations | 148 | 148 | 148 | 110 | 110 | 110 |
Number of household ID | 74 | 74 | 74 | 55 | 55 | 55 |
R-squared (within) | 0.475 | 0.472 | 0.479 | 0.454 | 0.456 | 0.461 |
R-squared (between) | 0.400 | 0.402 | 0.399 | 0.474 | 0.460 | 0.489 |