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The Official Journal of the Pan-Pacific Association of Input-Output Studies (PAPAIOS)

Table 4 Projected percentage increase in costs and productivity from standards compliance (2015–2030)

From: Mega-regional trade Agreements: Costly distractions for developing countries?

 

Labour standards**

Environmental standards*

IP rules*

Vintage capital***

Japan

0

0

0

0

China

5.75

0.58

0.86

2.3

Korea

0.74

0.07

0.11

0

Taiwan

0.93

0.09

0.14

2.3

Singapore

0.42

0.04

0.06

2.3

Indonesia

8.36

0.84

1.25

2.3

Malaysia

2.29

0.23

0.34

2.3

Philippines

9.9

0.99

1.48

2.3

Thailand

4.36

0.44

0.65

2.3

Vietnam

20

2

3

2.3

Rest of ASEAN

20

2

3

2.3

India

14.66

1.47

2.2

2.3

Australia

0

0

0

0

New Zealand

0

0

0

0

USA

0

0

0

0

Canada

0

0

0

0

Mexico

1.65

0.16

0.25

2.3

Chile

1.63

0.16

0.24

2.3

Peru

4.26

0.43

0.64

2.3

Russia

1.76

0.18

0.26

2.3

EU28

0

0

0

0

ROW

4.74

0.47

0.71

2.3

  1. * Average % rise in real capital costs in different sectors
  2. ** Average % rise in real labour costs in different sectors
  3. *** Average % rise in productivity owing to replacement of vintage capital resulting from adoption to standards