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The Official Journal of the Pan-Pacific Association of Input-Output Studies (PAPAIOS)

Table 4 Multivariate probit simulation results for households’ technology adoption decisions with Mundlak’s approach

From: Cropping systems diversification, improved seed, manure and inorganic fertilizer adoption by maize producers of eastern Ethiopia

Variables

Manure

Improved seed

Inorganic fertilizer

Crop diversification

Coef.

Mfx

Coef.

Mfx

Coef.

Mfx

Coef.

Mfx

Age of HH

0.127 (0.072)*

0.0285

0.043 (0.043)

0.0070

0.099 (0.041)**

0.0397

− 0.036 (0.039)

0.0108

age2

− 0.002 (0.001)**

− 0.0005

− 0.001 (0.000)

− 0.0002

− 0.001 (0.000)**

− 0.0006

0.000 (0.000)

− 0.0002

Sex of HH

− 0.161 (0.235)

− 0.1338

0.318 (0.226)

− 0.1273

0.403 (0.212)*

− 0.0397

− 0.481 (0.223)**

− 0.0717

Literacy of HH

0.280 (0.173)

0.1422

0.119 (0.158)

0.1550

0.252 (0.150)*

0.2483

0.350 (0.152)**

0.1078

Literacy of the spouse

− 0.079 (0.162)

0.0596

0.219 (0.167)

0.1608

− 0.134 (0.155)

0.0979

0.287 (0.157)*

0.0693

Maize production experience

0.020 (0.011)*

0.0131

0.002 (0.009)

0.0157

− 0.013 (0.009)

0.0122

0.034 (0.009)***

0.0085

Size land owned

− 0.017 (0.039)

− 0.0196

0.027 (0.034)

− 0.0254

0.181 (0.073)**

0.0389

− 0.020 (0.033)

− 0.0023

Size of livestock (TLU)

0.305 (0.046)***

0.0971

− 0.115 (0.045)**

0.0429

− 0.111 (0.042)***

0.0271

0.069 (0.040)*

0.0302

Cooperative membership

0.204 (0.159)

0.0514

0.413 (0.164)**

0.0658

0.290 (0.156)*

0.1306

− 0.147 (0.156)

0.0361

Frequency of extension contact

− 0.003 (0.002)*

− 0.0009

0.004 (0.002)**

− 0.0001

0.008 (0.002)***

0.0023

0.001 (0.002)

0.0003

Training

− 0.078 (0.151)

0.0712

0.229 (0.153)

0.1876

− 0.020 (0.142)

0.1746

0.423 (0.143)***

0.0940

Access to market information

− 0.121 (0.143)

0.0815

0.857 (0.147)***

0.2905

0.386 (0.137)***

0.3602

0.364 (0.136)***

0.1439

Credit constraint

0.212 (0.154)

− 0.0190

− 0.605 (0.159)***

− 0.1851

− 0.418 (0.152)***

− 0.2914

− 0.323 (0.157)**

− 0.1009

Distance from FTC

0.003 (0.006)

− 0.0004

− 0.029 (0.006)***

− 0.0056

− 0.015 (0.006)**

− 0.0078

0.001 (0.006)

− 0.0024

Plot to home distance

− 0.018 (0.016)

− 0.0039

− 0.007 (0.006)

− 0.0004

− 0.003 (0.006)

− 0.0009

0.013 (0.005)**

− 0.0003

Plot ownership

1.207 (0.483)**

0.3944

0.053 (0.328)

0.2188

− 0.061 (0.320)

0.2285

0.076 (0.341)

0.1422

Medium fertile

− 0.335 (0.184)*

− 0.1786

0.031 (0.178)

− 0.1808

0.293 (0.177)*

− 0.1007

− 0.363 (0.170)**

− 0.0944

Poorly fertile

− 0.126 (0.243)

− 0.1299

0.260 (0.258)

− 0.1326

0.103 (0.234)

− 0.1361

− 0.604 (0.242)**

− 0.0939

The plot is in weynadega

1.013 (0.522)

0.1824

− 1.281 (0.361)***

− 0.2230

0.042 (0.377)

− 0.0439

0.079 (0.363)

− 0.0204

The plot is in dega

0.866 (0.519)

0.2664

− 0.742 (0.360)**

0.0513

− 0.336 (0.365)

0.0215

0.328 (0.357)

0.0675

Joint significance of plot variables:

23.09

 

20.06

 

12.01

 

14.9

 

Prob. > χ 2 (7)

0.003

 

0.010

 

0.151

 

0.061

 
  1. *, ** and *** indicate statistical difference at 10, 5 and 1%, respectively. Non-significant control variables include: distance to the nearest market, participation in off/nonfarm activity, family size, steeper slope and medium slope. The figures in parenthesis are the standard errors