Fig. 1

Source: The tables for 1973, 1985 and 1990 were derived from TurkStat and are aggregated to nine main industries in order to use ILO employment data; the other tables were derived from WIOD in order to calculate productivity growth rates. Inflation was derived from the World Bank (inflation, consumer price).The calculation is based on Ünal (2016b, 2018). See “Appendix” for calculation methods (Price levels described in equations can be calculated to find mark-up rate and negligible import cost. For export price, export at current prices (national currency) is divided by export at constant prices (national currency), and for the non-tradable price, non-tradable goods at current prices is divided by non-tradable goods at constant prices. Domestic demand = GDP − export +  import. Domestic demand represents non-tradable goods. Data were derived from the United Nations data, National Accounts Estimates of Main Aggregates)