The Official Journal of the Pan-Pacific Association of Input-Output Studies (PAPAIOS)
Table 1 Summary of panel unit root test using the Im, Pesaran, and Shin
Variables | At level | Probability | At 1st difference | Probability |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Trade growth (merchandise trade) | − 1.29880 | 0.0970 | − 5.19925 | 0.0000 |
Exchange rate | − 3.19170 | 0.0007 | − 2.92431 | 0.0017 |
Number of disputes | − 0.20253 | 0.5803 | − 4.41812 | 0.0000 |
Free trade agreement | − 0.49226 | 0.3113 | 3.06118 | 0.0011 |