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The Official Journal of the Pan-Pacific Association of Input-Output Studies (PAPAIOS)

Table 2 Impact on the employment of Japan’s manufacturing industry in 2014

From: Outward foreign direct investment and employment in Japan’s manufacturing industry

(Million)

Total employees

Export promotion effect A

Export promotion effect B

Export substitution effect

Inverse import effect

Total effect A

Total effect B

Food

1.280

0.017

0.148

− 0.234

− 0.018

− 0.235

− 0.104

Textiles

0.400

0.027

0.046

− 0.119

− 0.019

− 0.112

− 0.092

Lumber, wood, paper and pulp

0.752

0.058

0.155

− 0.204

− 0.037

− 0.183

− 0.086

Petroleum and coal

0.024

0.003

0.005

− 0.005

− 0.001

− 0.002

0.000

Chemicals

0.420

0.053

0.083

− 0.221

− 0.021

− 0.189

− 0.160

Ceramic, stone and clay products

0.310

0.035

0.050

− 0.102

− 0.014

− 0.081

− 0.065

Metal products

1.385

0.170

0.355

− 0.619

− 0.070

− 0.519

− 0.334

Information and communication electronics equipment

1.164

0.344

0.145

− 0.642

− 0.170

− 0.468

− 0.667

Electrical machinery

0.483

0.053

0.057

− 0.168

− 0.029

− 0.144

− 0.139

Machinery and equipment

0.845

0.053

0.085

− 0.199

− 0.048

− 0.194

− 0.162

Transportation equipment

1.097

0.298

0.179

− 1.022

− 0.070

− 0.794

− 0.914

Other manufacturing industries

0.832

0.088

0.139

− 0.338

− 0.057

− 0.307

− 0.256

Total

8.993

1.198

1.446

− 3.872

− 0.553

− 3.227

− 2.979

  1. Source: calculated by author