The Official Journal of the Pan-Pacific Association of Input-Output Studies (PAPAIOS)
From: Outward foreign direct investment and employment in Japan’s manufacturing industry
(Million) | Total employees | Export promotion effect A | Export promotion effect B | Export substitution effect | Inverse import effect | Total effect A | Total effect B |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Food | 1.280 | 0.017 | 0.148 | − 0.234 | − 0.018 | − 0.235 | − 0.104 |
Textiles | 0.400 | 0.027 | 0.046 | − 0.119 | − 0.019 | − 0.112 | − 0.092 |
Lumber, wood, paper and pulp | 0.752 | 0.058 | 0.155 | − 0.204 | − 0.037 | − 0.183 | − 0.086 |
Petroleum and coal | 0.024 | 0.003 | 0.005 | − 0.005 | − 0.001 | − 0.002 | 0.000 |
Chemicals | 0.420 | 0.053 | 0.083 | − 0.221 | − 0.021 | − 0.189 | − 0.160 |
Ceramic, stone and clay products | 0.310 | 0.035 | 0.050 | − 0.102 | − 0.014 | − 0.081 | − 0.065 |
Metal products | 1.385 | 0.170 | 0.355 | − 0.619 | − 0.070 | − 0.519 | − 0.334 |
Information and communication electronics equipment | 1.164 | 0.344 | 0.145 | − 0.642 | − 0.170 | − 0.468 | − 0.667 |
Electrical machinery | 0.483 | 0.053 | 0.057 | − 0.168 | − 0.029 | − 0.144 | − 0.139 |
Machinery and equipment | 0.845 | 0.053 | 0.085 | − 0.199 | − 0.048 | − 0.194 | − 0.162 |
Transportation equipment | 1.097 | 0.298 | 0.179 | − 1.022 | − 0.070 | − 0.794 | − 0.914 |
Other manufacturing industries | 0.832 | 0.088 | 0.139 | − 0.338 | − 0.057 | − 0.307 | − 0.256 |
Total | 8.993 | 1.198 | 1.446 | − 3.872 | − 0.553 | − 3.227 | − 2.979 |