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The Official Journal of the Pan-Pacific Association of Input-Output Studies (PAPAIOS)

Table 4 Differentiated impact of the Internet usage intensity on the share (%) of resource revenue in total resource revenue across various sub-samples.

From: Internet and the structure of public revenue: resource revenue versus non-resource revenue

Variables

SHRESREV

SHRESREV

SHRESREV

SHRESREV

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

SHRESREVt−1

0.842*** (0.0391)

0.839*** (0.0389)

0.813*** (0.0154)

0.856*** (0.0333)

INTERNET

− 0.0810*** (0.0253)

− 0.0631*** (0.0217)

− 0.0340*** (0.00990)

− 0.0978*** (0.0216)

LIC*INTERNET

− 0.344 (0.229)

   

LMIC*INTERNET

 

− 0.142** (0.0633)

  

UMIC*INTERNET

  

− 0.0248* (0.0148)

 

HIC*INTERNET

   

0.0951*** (0.0249)

LIC

8.098** (3.949)

   

LMIC

 

− 3.555 (4.455)

  

UMIC

  

5.718*** (0.923)

 

HIC

   

− 5.642 (3.502)

DUMRES*INTERNET

0.0906*** (0.0223)

0.0781*** (0.0195)

0.0683*** (0.00869)

0.0336* (0.0173)

DUMRES

− 17.85*** (2.585)

− 18.45*** (2.355)

− 15.59*** (1.130)

− 12.03*** (2.120)

Log(GDPC)

6.895*** (1.390)

3.960*** (1.054)

4.571*** (0.601)

4.372*** (1.205)

TP

0.0260 (0.0456)

0.0853** (0.0430)

0.0674*** (0.0230)

0.111*** (0.0318)

INFL

− 3.245*** (0.595)

− 2.515*** (0.561)

− 2.150*** (0.137)

− 3.329*** (0.360)

OILPR

13.61*** (2.603)

10.43*** (2.757)

12.69*** (1.344)

12.94*** (1.882)

INST

− 2.902*** (0.559)

− 2.193*** (0.433)

− 2.557*** (0.234)

− 2.399*** (0.476)

Log(POP)

− 0.215 (1.032)

− 1.566 (1.077)

− 1.278** (0.550)

− 1.942** (0.808)

Trend

− 1.810*** (0.292)

− 1.547*** (0.296)

− 1.970*** (0.111)

− 1.977*** (0.212)

Constant

− 36.94* (20.80)

6.960 (21.26)

− 5.386 (10.52)

7.540 (17.55)

Observations—countries

493—99

493—99

493—99

493—99

Number of instruments

52

52

73

60

AR1 (p value)

0.0050

0.0050

0.0046

0.0044

AR2 (p value)

0.4067

0.5065

0.5670

0.4495

AR3 (p value)

0.4424

0.4451

0.4540

0.3822

Sargan (p value)

0.1538

0.1742

0.2749

0.2806

  1. *p value < 0.1; **p value < 0.05; ***p value < 0.01. Robust standard errors are in parenthesis. The variables “Log(GDPC)”, “INFL”, and “TP” have been considered as endogenous. The other variables have been considered as exogenous. In particular, the variable “INST” has been considered as exogenous for two reasons: first, it changes little over time; second, the use of factor analysis severely mitigates the endogeneity concern that could stem from the reverse causality from the dependent variable