The Official Journal of the Pan-Pacific Association of Input-Output Studies (PAPAIOS)
Table 3 Estimates of pooled, fixed effect and random effect 2SLS regressions (production and demand equation)
From: Structural equation modeling: an application of broadband penetration and GDP growth in Asia
Variables | Pooled regression | Fixed effects | Random effects |
|---|---|---|---|
GDP | |||
Broadband penetration | 0.351*** (0.051) | 0.279** (0.030) | 0.277*** (0.027) |
Labor force | − 0.117 (0.129) | 0.329 (0.426) | 0.619*** (0.15) |
Education | 0.880*** (0.119) | 0.135 (0.147) | 0.238* (0.139) |
FDI | 0.250*** (0.061) | 0.093** (0.044) | 0.010** (0.045) |
Constant | 8.807*** (0.502) | 7.517*** (0.862) | 9.398*** (0.945) |
R2 | 0.981 | 0.724 | 0.963 |
Penetration | |||
GDPC | 0.833*** (0.182) | 1.611*** (0.40) | 1.357*** (0.306) |
Urbanization | 0.009 (0.215) | 1.704* (1.011) | 0.379 (0.397) |
Education | 0.142 (0.236) | − 0.459 (0.524) | − 0.242 (0.419) |
Mobile subscriptions | 1.438*** (0.12) | 0.999*** (0.17) | 1.217*** (0.145) |
Constant | − 14.73*** (1.395) | − 12.58*** (2.841) | − 18.323*** (2.613) |
R2 | 0.818 | 0.584 | 0.795 |