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The Official Journal of the Pan-Pacific Association of Input-Output Studies (PAPAIOS)

Table 3 Estimated coefficients from ARDL model

From: Does energy-environmental Kuznets curve hold for Ethiopia? The relationship between energy intensity and economic growth

Short-run elasticities (dependent variable: \(\Delta \ln E\))

Long-run elasticities (dependent variable: lnE)

Variable

Coefficient

t-statistic

Variable

Coefficient

t-statistic

\(\Delta \ln E( - 1)\)

− 0.687392

− 6.9698***

lnY

8.753100

7.6697***

\(\Delta \ln E( - 2)\)

− 0.621425

− 4.7585***

lnYsqr

− 0.941891

− 7.7815***

\(\Delta \ln E( - 3)\)

− 0.311150

− 2.9659***

lnA

0.051498

0.6237

\(\Delta \ln Y\)

− 6.049957

− 5.0579***

lnIm

− 0.677031

− 5.6817***

\(\Delta \ln Y( - 1)\)

− 8.953035

− 6.1948***

lnIn

0.077374

0.5736

\(\Delta \ln Y( - 2)\)

− 13.76479

− 6.2506***

lnU

2.611322

3.0657**

\(\Delta \ln Y( - 3)\)

0.811976

5.6289***

Constant

− 25.910071

− 6.472861***

\(\Delta \ln Y_{sqr}\)

0.561756

5.0660***

   

\(\Delta \ln Y_{\text{sqr}} ( - 1)\)

0.974968

6.6726***

   

\(\Delta \ln Y_{\text{sqr}} ( - 2)\)

1.363610

6.3428***

   

\(\Delta \ln A\)

0.153827

4.4661***

   

\(\Delta \ln A( - 1)\)

0.107966

2.8687***

   

\(\Delta \ln A( - 2)\)

− 0.100412

− 2.8980***

   

\(\Delta \ln A( - 3)\)

− 0.046412

− 1.4740***

   

\(\Delta \ln \text{Im}\)

− 0.181375

− 4.2123***

   

\(\Delta \ln \text{Im} ( - 1)\)

0.344688

5.2845***

   

\(\Delta \ln \text{Im} ( - 2)\)

0.348216

4.0951***

   

\(\Delta \ln \text{Im} ( - 3)\)

− 0.159004

− 2.7799***

   

\(\Delta \ln \text{I} n\)

0.573078

4.9035***

   

\(\Delta \ln \text{I} n( - 1)\)

0.081335

0.6898***

   

\(\Delta \ln U\)

16.47758

5.6123***

   

\(\Delta \ln U( - 1)\)

34.51120

8.3802***

   

\(\Delta \ln U( - 2)\)

27.37220

7.2972***

   

\(\Delta \ln U( - 3)\)

13.77833

4.4696***

   

Constant

− 0.000516

− 0.0128

   

\(ECT( - 1)\)

− 1.119523

− 13.0020***

   
  1. Statistically significant at 1% (***), 5% (**) and 10% (*) level