Skip to main content

The Official Journal of the Pan-Pacific Association of Input-Output Studies (PAPAIOS)

Table 6 TY Granger causality test result

From: Does energy-environmental Kuznets curve hold for Ethiopia? The relationship between energy intensity and economic growth

Dependent variables

Sources of causation

lnE

lnA

lnY

lnIm

lnIn

lnU

χ2 (3)

χ2 (3)

χ2 (3)

χ2 (3)

χ2 (3)

χ2 (3)

lnE

–

2.180

5.396

35.611***

2.414

0.402

lnA

25.465***

–

13.648***

24.414***

18.848***

10.289**

lnY

3.903

2.983

–

1.015

11.214**

6.929*

lnIm

9.071**

7.322*

5.005

–

3.430

11.571***

lnIn

10.702**

6.360*

8.888**

17.394***

–

7.095*

lnU

0.781

5.117

3.634

2.774

6.017

–

  1. Statistically significant at 1% (***), 5% (**) and 10% (*) level