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The Official Journal of the Pan-Pacific Association of Input-Output Studies (PAPAIOS)

Table 3 PMG estimation of ARDL (2,1) for model 1

From: Does globalization accelerate economic growth? South Asian experience using panel data

Panel A: PMG estimation

Variable

Coefficient

Std. error

t statistic

P value

Long-run results

 OG

0.15***

0.006

24.66

0.00

Short-run results

 ECT

− 0.89***

0.21

− 4.23

0.00

 D(Y(− 1))

− 0.06

0.09

− 0.64

0.52

 D(OG)

− 0.07

0.33

− 0.22

0.83

Panel B: Short-run coefficients of each country

Variable

Bangladesh

Bhutan

India

Nepal

Pakistan

ECT

− 1.28***

(0.00)

− 0.57***

(0.00)

− 1.28***

(0.00)

− 1.08***

(0.00)

− 0.23***

(0.00)

D(OG)

0.27**

(0.04)

− 1.24

(0.17)

0.47**

(0.03)

0.47***

(0.00)

− 0.32**

(0.01)

  1. ** and *** indicate statistical significance at the 5% and 1% levels, respectively. Dependent variable: Real GDP Growth (Y); Independent variable: Overall Globalization Index of KOF (OG). P values of the corresponding statistics in Panel B are in parentheses