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The Official Journal of the Pan-Pacific Association of Input-Output Studies (PAPAIOS)

Table 4 Immigration and labor productivity in Thailand, 2003–2015

From: Impact of international labor migration on regional economic growth in Thailand

Dependent variable: labor productivity

 

Pooled OLS

Random effects

Fixed effects

NCR

CR

NCR

CR

NCR

CR

ln(K/L)

0.7345

[0.0090]***

0.7458

[0.0086]***

0.7641

[0.0246]***

0.8054

[0.0227]***

0.9301

[0.0516]***

0.8596

[0.0482]***

ln(N/L)

− 1.1097

[0.2711]***

0.1520

[0.0046]***

− 0.4058

[0.1184]***

0.1065

[0.0105]***

− 0.5405

[0.1621]**

0.0521

[0.0422]

ln(MH/L)

0.0928

[0.0065]***

0.0901

[0.0064]***

0.0923

[0.0155]***

0.0854

[0.0154]***

0.0808

[0.0127]***

0.0873

[0.0126]***

ln(ML/L)

− 0.0045

[0.0047]

0.0122

[0.0028]***

0.0004

[0.0016]***

0.0027

[0.0015]*

− 0.0041

[0.0033]

0.0011

[0.0030]

Constant

4.9198

[0.1261]***

4.9036

[0.1261]***

4.6501

[0.3349]***

4.2304

[0.3207]***

2.8063

[0.5959]***

3.6302

[0.5548]***

R-squared

0.9973

0.9973

0.9485

0.9485

0.9542

0.9542

Observations

91

91

91

91

91

91

Regions

7

7

7

7

7

7

Breusch–Pagan LM testa

χ2 (1) = 117.4***

Hausman testb

χ2 (4) = 34.57***

  1. NCR and CR indicate non-constraint and constraint regression model, respectively
  2. Robust standard errors are in parentheses
  3. *, **, *** indicate significant at 10%, 5%, and 1% level of significance, respectively
  4. aRandom effects versus pooled-OLS estimations test
  5. bFixed versus random effects model test