The Official Journal of the Pan-Pacific Association of Input-Output Studies (PAPAIOS)
Table 1 Descriptive statistics
From: Dynamic correlation pattern amongst alternative energy market for diversification opportunities
Statistic | World | Developed | Emerging | EU | BRIC | G7 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Minimum (full sample) | − 0.2232 | − 0.2477 | − 0.2322 | − 0.1810 | − 0.5009 | − 0.1896 |
Minimum (pre-GFC) | − 0.1119 | − 0.1396 | − 0.1034 | − 0.1251 | − 0.1428 | − 0.1509 |
Minimum (post-GFC) | − 0.2232 | − 0.2477 | − 0.0901 | − 0.1326 | − 0.2035 | − 0.1106 |
Maximum (full sample) | 0.1644 | 0.2009 | 0.1786 | 0.1728 | 0.2272 | 0.2175 |
Maximum (pre-GFC) | 0.0867 | 0.1128 | 0.1297 | 0.1190 | 0.1738 | 0.1481 |
Maximum (post-GFC) | 0.0776 | 0.1134 | 0.1013 | 0.1026 | 0.2272 | 0.2175 |
Mean (full sample) | − 0.0003 | − 0.0003 | − 0.0005 | 0.0001 | − 0.0006 | − 0.0003 |
Mean (pre-GFC) | 0.0018 | 0.0021 | 0.0007 | 0.0024 | 0.0008 | 0.0019 |
Mean (post-GFC) | − 0.0004 | − 0.0005 | − 0.0003 | 0.0001 | − 0.0001 | − 0.0005 |
Std. dev. (full sample) | 0.0211 | 0.0240 | 0.0242 | 0.0252 | 0.0307 | 0.0268 |
Std. dev. (pre-GFC) | 0.0199 | 0.0234 | 0.0274 | 0.0246 | 0.0351 | 0.0303 |
Std. dev. (post-GFC) | 0.0170 | 0.0199 | 0.0180 | 0.0216 | 0.0228 | 0.0219 |
Skewness (full sample) | − 0.7407 | − 0.5937 | − 0.4573 | − 0.3791 | − 1.4993 | − 0.0688 |
Skewness (pre-GFC) | − 0.7101 | − 0.6543 | − 0.0240 | − 0.4796 | − 0.0036 | − 0.3734 |
Skewness (post-GFC) | − 1.1213 | − 0.9650 | 0.0757 | − 0.2805 | 0.4586 | 0.3307 |
Kurtosis (full sample) | 12.4934 | 11.0776 | 8.3973 | 6.5982 | 29.8108 | 7.6456 |
Kurtosis (pre-GFC) | 4.0811 | 4.8884 | 2.1874 | 4.5754 | 2.7507 | 4.3797 |
Kurtosis (post-GFC) | 14.5722 | 12.6111 | 2.2453 | 2.6250 | 11.9866 | 6.4478 |
JB stats (full sample) | 20,092* | 15,585* | 8571.5* | 5383.3* | 10,755* | 7131.1* |
JB stats (pre-GFC) | 489.37* | 671.16* | 125.46* | 572.78* | 517.35* | 198.31* |
JB stats (post-GFC) | 20678* | 15483* | 481.75* | 685.42* | 13747* | 3996.3* |
ADF (full sample) | − 48.614* | − 49.985* | − 51.072* | − 52.135* | − 52.980* | − 51.699* |
PP (full sample) | − 48.588* | − 49.854* | − 51.137* | − 52.081* | − 53.100* | − 51.615* |
KPSS (full sample) | 0.1864 | 0.2231 | 0.0500 | 0.2191 | 0.0681 | 0.1829 |
Q (20) (full sample) | 97.433* | 77.053* | 59.684* | 54.933* | 68.773* | 46.746* |
Q2 (20) (full sample) | 2937.1* | 2055.0* | 3822.1* | 3310.6* | 600.43* | 1879.5* |
ARCH (20) (full sample) | 39.551* | 30.257* | 58.691* | 47.783* | 18.313* | 32.238* |