The Official Journal of the Pan-Pacific Association of Input-Output Studies (PAPAIOS)
Table 4 Characteristics of sampled households by proportion of earned income.
|  | YE = 0% (n = 113) | 0% < YE < 50% (n = 196) | 50% = < YE < 100% (n = 71) | YE = 100% (n = 68) | Total | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender of household head (GENDER) | 0.28 (0.45) | 0.24 (0.43) | 0.46 (0.50) | 0.47 (0.50) | 0.32 (0.47) | 0.000 |
Level of education (EDUCAT) (years) | 4.14 (4.12) | 4.59 (4.59) | 3.97 (4.25) | 4.47 (5.04) | 4.36 (4.49) | 0.716 |
Experience in farming (EXPERIE) (years) | 16.26 (13.46) | 15.40 (12.42) | 16.94 (12.63) | 14.01 (10.28) | 15.65 (12.42) | 0.516 |
Dependency ratio (DEP_RT) | 0.99 (1.12) | 1.00 (1.08) | 0.67 (0.63) | 0.58 (1.09) | 0.88 (1.05) | 0.050 |
Years receiving social grant (SOCG_YRS) | 8.40 (5.57) | 9.45 (7.58) | 8.90 (7.18) | 0.00 (0.00) | 7.67 (7.17) | 0.000 |
Access to social grant (SOCG) (1—social grant and 0—otherwise) | 0.94 (0.24) | 0.96 (0.20) | 0.90 (0.3) | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.80 (0.40) | 0.000 |
Access to credit (CREDIT) (1—credit and 0—otherwise) | 0.38 (0.49) | 0.38 (0.49) | 0.45 (0.50) | 0.38 (0.49) | 0.39 (0.49) | 0.735 |
Membership to social groups (MEM_SOC) (1—member and 0—otherwise) | 0.58 (0.50) | 0.58 (0.50) | 0.53 (0.50) | 0.47 (0.50) | 0.55 (0.50) | 0.438 |
Scheme membership (MEM_SCH) (1—member and 0—otherwise) | 0.48 (0.50) | 0.42 (0.50) | 0.41 (0.50) | 0.44 (0.50) | 0.44 (0.50) | 0.722 |
Amount of land (LAND) (hectares) | 1.07 (1.56) | 1.35 (2.62) | 2.93 (4.73) | 1.28 (1.85) | 1.52 (2.83) | 0.000 |
Distance to the nearest town (MKT_DIST) (minutes) | 40.13 (26.49) | 40.95 (26.65) | 33.11 (20.19) | 36.13 (25.17) | 38.77 (25.56) | 0.113 |
Log of livestock value (LSTK_ASSETS) | 3.28 (1.43) | 3.29 (1.45) | 3.54 (1.43) | 3.42 (1.48) | 3.35 (1.44) | 0.580 |
Log of physical asset value (PHY_ASSETS) | 3.53 (0.63) | 3.55 (0.62) | 3.60 (0.68) | 3.55 (0.69) | 3.55 (0.64) | 0.902 |
Farmer typologies | ||||||
 Self-reliant & resilient (FT_CLU2) | 0.21 (0.41) | 0.36 (0.48) | 0.42 (0.50) | 0.34 (0.48) | 0.33 (0.47) | 0.011 |
 PsyCap and future-focused (FT_CLU3) | 0.29 (0.46) | 0.26 (0.44) | 0.23 (0.42) | 0.31 (0.47) | 0.27 (0.44) | 0.672 |
 Risk-taking and limited interest in farming (FT_CLU1) | 0.50 (0.50) | 0.38 (0.49) | 0.35 (0.48) | 0.35 (0.48) | 0.40 (0.49) | 0.091 |
Location (dummy) | ||||||
 Bululwane (LOC_BUL) | 0.24 (0.43) | 0.12 (0.32) | 0.03 (0.17) | 0.07 (0.26) | 0.13 (0.33) | 0.000 |
 Tugela Ferry (LOC_TUG) | 0.17 (0.37) | 0.19 (0.40) | 0.10 (0.30) | 0.09 (0.29) | 0.16 (0.36) | 0.094 |
 Ndumo-B (LOC_NDUM) | 0.12 (0.33) | 0.17 (0.38) | 0.48 (0.50) | 0.35 (0.48) | 0.24 (0.43) | 0.000 |
 Makhathini (LOC_MAKH) | 0.47 (0.50) | 0.52 (0.50) | 0.39 (0.49) | 0.49 (0.50) | 0.48 (0.50) | 0.380 |