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The Official Journal of the Pan-Pacific Association of Input-Output Studies (PAPAIOS)

Table 9 Result of VEC Granger causality/block exogeneity Wald test for FDI and FT.

From: How far is FDI relevant to India’s foreign trade growth? An empirical investigation

Dependent variables

Independent variables

Chi square value

Probability value

Implication

FT

FDI

 24.75064

 0.0008

Causality exists

FDI

FT

 28.63891

 0.0002

Causality exists