The Official Journal of the Pan-Pacific Association of Input-Output Studies (PAPAIOS)
Table 7 Description of variables and sources
Variables | Measurement | Source |
|---|---|---|
Composite financial inclusion index (cfii) | Composite financial inclusion index consists of penetration, availability, and usage dimensions of financial inclusion which is computed by following the methodology proposed by Sarma (2012) | FAS database of the IMF |
Poverty headcount ratio (lnpovhead) | Percentage of total population living on less than USD 1.90 per day at 2011 international prices (PPP) | WDI |
Income inequality (lngini) | Income inequality is measured by the Gini coefficient after deducting taxes and transfers. The SWIID uses multiple imputation technique to convert both micro- and macro-data into a common standard and provides the largest number of observations | SWIID (Version-6.1) constructed by Frederick Solt |
GDP growth (gdpgr) | Annual GDP growth rate based on constant 2010 USD | WDI |
Per capita real GDP (lngdppc) | Per capita real GDP at constant 2010 USD | WDI |
Secondary school enrollment ratio (lnssenroll) | Gross secondary school enrollment as a percentage of total population, regardless of age | WDI |
Rule of law (rule) | Rule of law reflects the extent to which agents have abided by the rules of society (estimate of governance ranges from appr. − 2.5 (weak) to 2.5 (strong)) | World Governance Indicator |
Inflation rate (lninflation) | Annual percentage change in the average consumer price index | WDI |
Credit to private sector (lnpcredit) | Domestic credit to private sector by banks as a percentage of GDP | WDI |
Govt. expenditure (lngovtexp) | General government final consumption expenditure as a percentage of GDP | WDI |
Trade openness (lntradeopen) | Sum of exports and imports of goods and services measured as a percentage of GDP | WDI |
Population (lnpopu) | Total residents in a country | WDI |
Age dependency ratio (lnagedep) | The percentage of dependents (people younger than 15 or older than 64) to working-age population | WDI |
Ratio of internet users (lninternet) | Individuals using the internet as a percentage of total population | WDI |
Mobile users (lnmobile) | Mobile cellular subscribers per 100 people | WDI |
ICT capital (lnict) | Information and communication technology service exports as a percentage of total service exports | WDI |