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The Official Journal of the Pan-Pacific Association of Input-Output Studies (PAPAIOS)

Table 1 Unit root tests summary

From: Tax structure and economic growth: a study of selected Indian states

Variable

Deterministic trend

LLC

IPS

Order of integration

(a) Model 1 and model 2

Per capita SDP

Constant

− 10.6203a

− 10.5259a

I (0)

Gross investment

Constant

− 19.0118a

− 19.6703a

I (1)

Property tax

Constant

− 2.74745a

− 3.30371a

I (0)

Commodity tax

Constant

− 3.46285a

− 3.93331a

I (0)

Total-GDP

 

− 14.6218a

− 13.8253a

I (1)

(b) Model 3

Per Capita SDP

Constant

− 8.16398a

− 7.40650a

I (0)

Gross investment

Constant

− 1.38211a

− 2.43668a

I (1)

Property tax

Constant

− 11.5885a

− 12.6705a

I (1)

Total-GDP

Constant

− 10.8237a

− 10.0785a

I (1)

  1. aStatistically significant at 1% level. With due concern to limited space, we only reported LLC and IPS test results