Table 1 Descriptive statistics

Global panel (82 countries)

Net Gini

1431

0.376658

0.086742

0.216132

0.651835

82

Economic freedom

1431

7.091903

0.669687

4.490000

8.730000

82

(r−g)

1431

2.236555

8.307786

−25.1359

101.6471

82

GDP/capita

1431

17569.13

19703.65

341.8498

91617.28

82

Govt. spending (as  % of GDP)

1431

16.15925

4.819181

4.845660

27.93502

82

Inflation

1431

4.912582

5.528758

−4.47810

54.91537

82

Population growth rate

1431

0.923414

1.122950

−9.08063

7.786010

82

Natural resource rent (as  % of GDP)

1431

3.244392

4.645688

0.000588

34.95626

82

Gross savings rate (as  % of GDP)

1431

22.72429

7.956617

1.725070

52.27694

82

Tax revenue (as  % of GDP)

1431

17.56361

6.140347

5.195323

48.56342

82

Trade openness

1431

80.63451

38.45180

19.79813

224.7553

82

Unemployment rate

1431

8.091996

5.419085

0.398000

33.47300

82

Economic growth rate, g

1431

3.610366

3.457233

−14.8141

25.11725

82

Real interest rate, r

1431

5.846921

7.325907

−20.3470

93.91508

82

Top 10% income share

840

0.348870

0.090920

0.212768

0.600038

49

High-income countries

Net Gini

666

0.309885

0.056840

0.216132

0.530221

38

Economic freedom

666

7.555354

0.440993

6.000000

8.730000

38

(r−g)

666

1.592174

6.844533

−21.1672

101.6471

38

GDP/capita

666

33489.30

18892.38

5419.036

91617.28

38

Govt. spending (as  % of GDP)

666

18.94268

3.594081

9.925310

27.93502

38

Inflation

666

2.349375

2.265220

−4.47810

19.37973

38

Population growth rate

666

0.491865

0.787962

−3.84767

2.890960

38

Natural resource rent (as  % of GDP)

666

1.317635

2.898772

0.000000

21.39196

38

Gross savings rate (as  % of GDP)

666

22.68320

6.131523

4.870592

41.69065

38

Tax revenue (as  % of GDP)

666

20.69557

7.154102

7.936200

62.85861

38

Trade openness

666

95.33638

49.16110

19.79813

325.9982

38

Unemployment rate

666

8.002066

27.46600

2.119000

4.215084

38

Economic growth rate, g

666

2.515130

3.271700

−14.8141

25.11725

38

Real interest rate, r

666

4.107304

5.319142

−7.79727

93.91508

38

Middle-income countries

Net Gini

677

0.425912

0.069817

0.263554

0.651835

38

Economic freedom

677

6.675165

0.590329

4.490000

8.130000

38

(r−g)

677

2.391761

9.328471

−19.6300

45.30657

38

GDP/capita

677

4637.375

3039.830

509.2934

14936.40

38

Govt. spending (as  % of GDP)

677

14.09789

4.550921

4.845660

26.24226

38

Inflation

677

6.805119

6.597990

−1.71033

54.91537

38

Population growth rate

677

1.036393

1.105046

−9.08063

7.786010

38

Natural resource rent (as  % of GDP)

677

4.235448

4.950148

0.090388

34.95626

38

Gross savings rate (as  % of GDP)

677

23.20267

9.285265

1.725070

52.27694

38

Tax revenue (as  % of GDP)

677

15.78482

5.461290

5.195323

33.70700

38

Trade openness

677

75.55680

35.85023

21.85226

220.4074

38

Unemployment rate

677

8.425778

6.424814

0.398000

33.47300

38

Economic growth rate, g

677

4.354409

3.365922

−14.7585

14.23139

38

Real interest rate, r

677

6.746170

8.293964

−18.1219

48.50473

38

Low-income countries

Net Gini

106

0.461624

0.042649

0.381994

0.555594

6

Economic freedom

106

6.903774

0.402226

5.670000

7.560000

6

(r−g)

106

4.772507

8.815792

−25.1359

31.17852

6

GDP/capita

106

768.3114

323.2740

341.8498

1635.491

6

Govt. spending (as  % of GDP)

106

12.25052

3.233796

7.105651

19.57000

6

Inflation

106

8.439280

5.272525

−0.28750

26.23982

6

Population growth rate

106

2.934346

0.362304

1.578337

3.714288

6

Natural resource rent (as  % of GDP)

106

8.469635

5.226485

2.254186

22.09347

6

Gross savings rate (as  % of GDP)

106

19.58832

7.937639

4.664122

35.86171

6

Tax revenue (as  % of GDP)

106

12.87383

2.629814

8.089331

21.09405

6

Trade openness

106

51.83014

14.04451

23.98087

84.59729

6

Unemployment rate

106

6.232057

4.245522

0.699000

15.90000

6

Economic growth rate, g

106

5.743697

2.766984

−4.29512

13.19207

6

Real interest rate, r

106

10.51620

8.028465

−20.3470

30.23685

6