The Official Journal of the Pan-Pacific Association of Input-Output Studies (PAPAIOS)
Table 2 Unit root result for global panel
Variable | Levin, Lin and Chu | Breitung | Im, Pesaran and Shin | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Statistic | Prob. | Statistic | Prob. | Statistic | Prob. | |
EFW | −6.75705 | 0.0000 | −5.15234 | 0.0000 | −4.57693 | 0.0000 |
(r−g) | −11.0818 | 0.0000 | −7.81387 | 0.0000 | −9.42641 | 0.0000 |
Top 10% income share | −3.09485 | 0.0010 | −6.22224 | 0.0000 | −2.11443 | 0.0172 |
GDP/capita | −3.20408 | 0.0007 | −3.50304 | 0.0002 | −1.30504 | 0.0959 |
Govt. spending (as % of GDP) | −3.83298 | 0.0001 | 0.89541 | 0.8147 | −1.30668 | 0.0957 |
Inflation | −13.0318 | 0.0000 | −4.25075 | 0.0000 | −8.44915 | 0.0000 |
Population growth rate | −6.92004 | 0.0000 | −1.24920 | 0.1058 | −9.87550 | 0.0000 |
Natural resource rent (as % of GDP) | −4.95464 | 0.0000 | −3.60546 | 0.0002 | −2.41743 | 0.0078 |
Gross savings rate (as % of GDP) | −6.57063 | 0.0000 | 1.22628 | 0.8900 | −5.50427 | 0.0000 |
Tax revenue (as % of GDP) | −3.43201 | 0.0003 | −2.07706 | 0.0189 | −1.86406 | 0.0312 |
Trade openness | −3.21338 | 0.0007 | 0.46771 | 0.6800 | −2.30712 | 0.0105 |
Unemployment rate | −8.05644 | 0.0000 | −1.99774 | 0.0229 | −5.49416 | 0.0000 |