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The Official Journal of the Pan-Pacific Association of Input-Output Studies (PAPAIOS)

Table 5 Regression results of Fama–French five-factor model for 25 portfolios RPt – RFt = a + b (RMt − RFt) + s SMBt + l LMHt + p RMWt + t CMAt + et

From: Role of human assets in measuring firm performance and its implication for firm valuation

Panel A MC_PB

 

a

b

Low

2

3

4

High

Low

2

3

4

High

Small

0.010

0.011

0.012

0.003

− 0.002

1.063

1.076

1.100

0.993

1.087

2

0.010

0.004

0.002

− 0.004

0.005

0.657

1.050

0.949

0.990

0.988

3

− 0.004

0.000

− 0.001

0.002

0.003

1.122

1.176

0.908

1.104

0.962

4

− 0.002

0.003

0.012

0.005

0.006

1.042

0.936

1.184

1.109

0.838

Big

0.004

0.001

0.003

0.008

0.003

0.991

1.081

1.023

1.104

0.893

 

S

L

Low

2

3

4

High

Low

2

3

4

High

Small

1.417

1.232

0.925

1.216

1.200

0.921

0.254

− 0.032

− 0.071

− 0.408

2

1.697

0.747

0.761

0.943

0.659

0.578

− 0.001

0.106

− 0.018

− 0.414

3

0.622

0.583

0.415

0.545

0.396

0.617

0.202

0.151

− 0.184

− 0.161

4

− 0.178

− 0.097

− 0.056

0.304

0.291

1.042

0.465

− 0.350

− 0.304

− 0.387

Big

− 0.372

− 0.371

− 0.290

− 0.157

0.184

0.922

0.439

0.278

− 0.215

− 0.484

 

R

T

Low

2

3

4

High

Low

2

3

4

High

Small

0.384

− 0.221

− 0.241

− 0.196

− 0.288

0.066

− 0.086

0.179

− 0.132

0.120

2

− 1.343

− 0.536

− 0.198

− 0.266

− 0.373

− 1.283

0.064

0.145

− 0.273

− 0.189

3

− 0.201

− 0.359

− 0.189

− 0.228

− 0.097

0.260

− 0.075

− 0.023

− 0.386

− 0.195

4

− 0.110

− 0.263

− 0.857

− 0.348

− 0.251

− 0.044

− 0.025

− 0.478

− 0.207

− 0.240

Big

− 0.089

− 0.276

− 0.029

− 0.230

− 0.282

0.041

− 0.176

0.012

− 0.142

− 0.043

 

t(a)

t(RM)

Low

2

3

4

High

Low

2

3

4

High

Small

1.908

2.216

2.722

0.875

− 0.414

15.406

16.546

18.995

20.395

20.935

2

1.068

0.816

0.544

− 1.037

1.472

5.273

15.992

18.059

20.855

21.893

3

− 0.935

− 0.058

− 0.341

0.492

1.076

19.494

21.491

17.326

24.189

22.307

4

− 0.584

0.639

3.041

1.281

2.032

18.513

16.143

21.892

22.942

20.902

Big

1.108

0.433

1.099

2.724

1.157

20.565

24.309

30.323

28.350

27.447

 

t(s)

t(l)

Low

2

3

4

High

Low

2

3

4

High

Small

9.281

8.562

7.217

11.290

10.436

5.204

1.523

− 0.216

− 0.569

− 3.063

2

6.155

5.143

6.547

8.973

6.600

1.807

− 0.006

0.786

− 0.148

− 3.580

3

4.882

4.814

3.580

5.390

4.145

4.178

1.436

1.124

− 1.572

− 1.454

4

− 1.425

− 0.755

− 0.467

2.845

3.280

7.215

3.124

− 2.522

− 2.456

− 3.759

Big

− 3.483

− 3.772

− 3.889

− 1.821

2.555

7.455

3.851

3.215

− 2.151

− 5.798

 

t(r)

t(T)

Low

2

3

4

High

Low

2

3

4

High

Small

1.958

− 1.195

− 1.466

− 1.418

− 1.949

0.368

− 0.509

1.182

− 1.042

0.884

2

− 3.793

− 2.872

− 1.323

− 1.969

− 2.905

− 3.948

0.376

1.058

− 2.208

− 1.609

3

− 1.228

− 2.306

− 1.267

− 1.757

− 0.788

1.735

− 0.524

− 0.168

− 3.244

− 1.737

4

− 0.689

− 1.595

− 5.574

− 2.535

− 2.201

− 0.301

− 0.163

− 3.391

− 1.640

− 2.291

Big

− 0.649

− 2.183

− 0.306

− 2.082

− 3.049

0.324

− 1.518

0.139

− 1.402

− 0.512

Panel B MC_ROE

 

a

RM

Low

2

3

4

High

Low

2

3

4

High

Small

0.008

0.019

0.005

0.004

0.005

1.088

0.558

0.995

1.040

1.126

2

− 0.003

0.001

0.002

− 0.003

0.003

1.084

1.027

1.010

1.051

1.042

3

− 0.001

0.005

0.000

− 0.003

0.007

1.068

1.062

1.072

0.975

1.022

4

− 0.001

0.002

0.010

0.009

0.010

1.104

0.944

0.933

0.956

0.893

Big

0.003

0.000

0.005

0.005

0.003

1.107

1.093

1.000

0.980

1.002

 

S

L

Low

2

3

4

High

Low

2

3

4

High

Small

1.589

1.528

1.093

1.234

1.364

0.433

− 0.035

0.418

0.505

0.179

2

0.796

0.655

0.611

0.991

0.659

0.452

0.204

− 0.028

− 0.061

0.201

3

0.598

0.234

0.320

0.507

0.238

0.190

− 0.208

0.214

0.429

0.093

4

0.177

0.023

− 0.152

− 0.111

0.312

− 0.132

0.297

0.111

0.126

− 0.274

Big

− 0.259

− 0.229

− 0.150

0.034

0.037

− 0.007

0.050

− 0.075

− 0.228

− 0.079

 

R

T

Low

2

3

4

High

Low

2

3

4

High

Small

− 0.165

− 2.009

− 0.051

0.328

0.365

0.363

− 1.874

− 0.001

− 0.254

− 0.024

2

− 0.407

− 0.455

− 0.231

− 0.055

0.226

0.258

0.019

0.203

− 0.330

− 0.120

3

− 0.732

− 0.863

− 0.065

0.127

0.087

0.019

− 0.102

− 0.133

− 0.404

− 0.193

4

− 0.936

− 0.564

− 0.337

0.006

− 0.108

0.077

− 0.382

− 0.092

0.057

− 0.067

Big

− 0.648

− 0.539

− 0.394

− 0.311

0.131

0.111

− 0.013

− 0.081

− 0.285

− 0.182

 

t(a)

t(RM)

Low

2

3

4

High

Low

2

3

4

High

Small

1.980

1.718

1.019

1.025

1.159

16.267

3.609

15.935

18.960

19.054

2

− 0.546

0.260

0.430

− 0.681

0.891

15.948

17.504

18.997

19.864

20.367

3

− 0.284

1.228

0.120

− 0.790

2.175

15.628

18.865

20.157

19.533

23.010

4

− 0.189

0.512

2.494

2.326

3.611

17.494

16.547

17.247

17.768

22.802

Big

0.874

− 0.155

1.740

1.767

1.109

24.559

25.196

27.147

24.667

24.622

 

t(s)

t(l)

Low

2

3

4

High

Low

2

3

4

High

Small

10.731

4.464

7.909

10.165

10.425

2.525

− 0.088

2.610

3.587

1.181

2

5.293

5.045

5.195

8.465

5.815

2.590

1.356

− 0.206

− 0.450

1.528

3

3.955

1.875

2.715

4.588

2.422

1.083

− 1.438

1.566

3.354

0.821

4

1.271

0.179

− 1.269

− 0.931

3.594

− 0.818

2.028

0.796

0.912

− 2.729

Big

− 2.591

− 2.385

− 1.836

0.384

0.407

− 0.061

0.447

− 0.795

− 2.238

− 0.760

 

t(r)

t(T)

Low

2

3

4

High

Low

2

3

4

High

Small

− 0.868

− 4.569

− 0.285

2.106

2.173

2.082

− 4.645

− 0.007

− 1.772

− 0.154

2

− 2.106

− 2.727

− 1.527

− 0.364

1.550

1.456

0.124

1.467

− 2.393

− 0.899

3

− 3.767

− 5.395

− 0.430

0.893

0.691

0.108

− 0.692

− 0.960

− 3.100

− 1.668

4

− 5.220

− 3.480

− 2.191

0.036

− 0.970

0.469

− 2.569

− 0.650

0.409

− 0.655

Big

− 5.055

− 4.372

− 3.756

− 2.752

1.133

0.942

− 0.117

− 0.848

− 2.751

− 1.716

Panel C MC_TA

 

a

RM

Low

2

3

4

High

Low

2

3

4

High

Small

0.010

0.006

0.002

0.018

0.005

1.098

1.156

1.074

0.592

1.089

2

0.001

0.002

0.001

0.002

0.001

1.082

1.038

0.950

0.917

1.022

3

− 0.001

− 0.002

− 0.003

0.001

− 0.003

1.110

0.996

1.124

1.097

1.012

4

0.004

0.008

0.007

0.003

0.011

1.036

1.002

0.986

0.963

1.189

Big

0.007

0.004

0.001

0.008

0.003

0.968

0.829

0.996

1.020

1.109

 

S

L

Low

2

3

4

High

Low

2

3

4

High

Small

1.438

1.246

1.055

1.638

1.528

0.214

0.402

0.415

0.028

0.479

2

0.654

0.662

0.652

0.449

0.933

0.383

0.034

0.150

0.253

0.070

3

0.553

0.297

0.378

0.201

0.712

0.188

0.194

0.166

0.075

0.235

4

0.143

− 0.022

0.003

0.031

0.120

− 0.137

0.014

0.205

0.238

− 0.532

Big

− 0.029

− 0.164

− 0.122

− 0.254

0.066

− 0.245

0.128

− 0.037

0.232

− 0.422

 

R

T

Low

2

3

4

High

Low

2

3

4

High

Small

− 0.187

− 0.109

− 0.038

− 1.517

0.065

0.716

0.322

0.083

− 1.940

− 0.383

2

− 0.182

− 0.366

− 0.376

− 0.196

− 0.396

0.207

0.169

0.031

− 0.020

− 0.724

3

− 0.283

− 0.113

− 0.106

− 0.199

− 0.304

0.460

0.416

− 0.155

− 0.199

− 1.101

4

− 0.399

− 0.366

− 0.145

− 0.170

− 0.925

0.134

0.096

0.098

− 0.214

− 0.742

Big

− 0.419

− 0.169

− 0.139

0.057

− 0.681

0.350

0.142

− 0.003

− 0.238

− 0.603

 

t(a)

t(RM)

Low

2

3

4

High

Low

2

3

4

High

Small

2.316

1.385

0.373

1.803

1.014

18.752

18.242

17.314

4.406

15.812

2

0.350

0.441

0.146

0.407

0.329

19.149

17.292

18.852

16.965

16.805

3

− 0.236

− 0.569

− 1.024

0.250

− 0.727

23.439

18.659

24.216

21.480

15.793

4

0.836

2.131

2.035

0.935

2.314

17.092

20.515

19.855

20.993

18.111

Big

2.110

1.291

0.342

3.054

1.014

22.806

21.628

31.404

28.133

27.144

 

t(s)

t(l)

Low

2

3

4

High

Low

2

3

4

High

Small

11.095

8.881

7.684

5.504

10.026

1.428

2.471

2.610

0.082

2.710

2

5.227

4.978

5.846

3.753

6.928

2.641

0.221

1.158

1.822

0.446

3

5.271

2.516

3.683

1.775

5.022

1.548

1.416

1.397

0.570

1.429

4

1.067

− 0.207

0.031

0.308

0.826

− 0.879

0.111

1.609

2.025

− 3.161

Big

− 0.307

− 1.937

− 1.740

− 3.167

0.734

− 2.253

1.307

− 0.461

2.493

− 4.027

 

t(r)

t(T)

Low

2

3

4

High

Low

2

3

4

High

Small

− 1.126

− 0.605

− 0.218

− 3.970

0.330

4.690

1.950

0.516

− 5.531

− 2.134

2

− 1.130

− 2.142

− 2.623

− 1.275

− 2.292

1.401

1.078

0.235

− 0.143

− 4.562

3

− 2.100

− 0.744

− 0.804

− 1.371

− 1.667

3.724

2.986

− 1.279

− 1.493

− 6.585

4

− 2.315

− 2.638

− 1.028

− 1.306

− 4.957

0.849

0.750

0.754

− 1.788

− 4.330

Big

− 3.471

− 1.548

− 1.539

0.554

− 5.859

3.158

1.423

− 0.039

− 2.519

− 5.657

Panel D MC_TAM

 

a

RM

Low

2

3

4

High

Low

2

3

4

High

Small

0.003

0.014

0.009

0.004

− 0.004

1.317

0.845

0.673

0.962

0.934

2

0.005

0.006

0.002

− 0.001

− 0.001

1.170

0.989

0.982

0.938

0.935

3

− 0.003

0.001

0.008

− 0.002

0.002

1.212

1.037

1.031

1.085

0.901

4

0.005

0.000

0.007

0.004

0.007

1.158

0.837

0.867

0.891

0.923

Big

0.009

0.005

0.003

0.008

0.003

0.947

1.264

1.069

0.956

0.985

 

S

L

Low

2

3

4

High

Low

2

3

4

High

Small

1.544

0.900

1.717

1.135

0.817

0.152

0.581

0.277

0.294

0.643

2

0.814

0.798

0.399

0.741

0.269

0.234

0.047

0.238

0.570

0.264

3

1.031

0.348

0.298

0.221

0.021

− 0.070

0.035

− 0.141

0.286

0.324

4

0.388

0.149

0.168

− 0.245

0.160

− 0.224

0.296

0.143

0.392

0.035

Big

− 0.166

0.018

0.060

− 0.231

0.028

− 0.345

− 0.281

0.009

0.064

− 0.325

 

R

T

Low

2

3

4

High

Low

2

3

4

High

Small

0.104

− 0.105

− 1.180

− 0.051

0.383

0.357

− 0.005

− 1.397

0.140

0.285

2

− 0.435

− 0.490

− 0.062

0.174

− 0.063

0.033

0.009

0.207

0.096

0.091

3

− 0.312

− 0.264

− 0.278

− 0.241

− 0.081

0.074

0.183

0.002

− 0.458

0.039

4

− 0.546

− 0.072

− 0.273

− 0.193

0.060

0.000

0.124

− 0.410

− 0.095

0.098

Big

− 0.630

− 0.432

− 0.137

− 0.147

− 0.254

− 0.092

− 0.342

− 0.116

− 0.011

− 0.017

 

t(a)

t(RM)

Low

2

3

4

High

Low

2

3

4

High

Small

0.637

2.478

0.981

0.837

− 0.896

19.324

10.802

5.219

14.804

15.251

2

0.914

1.357

0.457

− 0.338

− 0.223

16.360

17.119

16.745

16.075

16.655

3

− 0.680

0.241

1.880

− 0.579

0.632

18.807

18.607

18.885

18.519

18.273

4

1.151

0.026

1.731

1.158

1.964

18.841

16.329

15.398

18.368

19.411

Big

1.907

1.329

0.943

3.020

1.250

14.882

25.835

22.560

25.124

27.341

 

t(s)

t(l)

Low

2

3

4

High

Low

2

3

4

High

Small

10.232

5.194

6.015

7.886

6.028

0.871

2.895

0.837

1.762

4.093

2

5.146

6.241

3.078

5.738

2.164

1.274

0.317

1.580

3.807

1.832

3

7.232

2.826

2.469

1.702

0.195

− 0.423

0.247

− 1.007

1.906

2.558

4

2.850

1.310

1.349

− 2.286

1.516

− 1.422

2.252

0.992

3.153

0.291

Big

− 1.177

0.163

0.572

− 2.747

0.349

− 2.112

− 2.241

0.071

0.657

− 3.519

 

t(r)

t(T)

Low

2

3

4

High

Low

2

3

4

High

Small

0.535

− 0.470

− 3.218

− 0.275

2.201

2.008

− 0.027

− 4.151

0.825

1.785

2

− 2.142

− 2.981

− 0.372

1.047

− 0.394

0.175

0.059

1.354

0.628

0.621

3

− 1.704

− 1.667

− 1.789

− 1.446

− 0.575

0.440

1.262

0.016

− 2.999

0.306

4

− 3.125

− 0.494

− 1.708

− 1.399

0.446

− 0.002

0.928

− 2.794

− 0.749

0.794

Big

− 3.483

− 3.105

− 1.021

− 1.355

− 2.478

− 0.557

− 2.680

− 0.940

− 0.115

− 0.184

Panel E R2

 

MC_PB

MC_ROE

Low

2

3

4

High

Low

2

3

4

High

Small

0.740

0.744

0.762

0.789

0.777

0.768

0.452

0.733

0.771

0.741

2

0.571

0.734

0.757

0.801

0.794

0.770

0.782

0.762

0.764

0.768

3

0.827

0.829

0.747

0.832

0.799

0.768

0.810

0.792

0.790

0.817

4

0.854

0.780

0.845

0.818

0.778

0.798

0.800

0.774

0.747

0.799

Big

0.876

0.888

0.908

0.881

0.856

0.882

0.884

0.886

0.850

0.832

 

MC_TA

MC_TAM

Low

2

3

4

High

Low

2

3

4

High

Small

0.800

0.782

0.757

0.467

0.730

0.763

0.613

0.484

0.693

0.694

2

0.799

0.748

0.797

0.753

0.753

0.749

0.763

0.727

0.728

0.732

3

0.851

0.771

0.845

0.815

0.750

0.759

0.766

0.757

0.792

0.784

4

0.736

0.816

0.802

0.827

0.782

0.771

0.738

0.725

0.815

0.754

Big

0.833

0.834

0.902

0.890

0.884

0.705

0.863

0.824

0.865

0.863