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The Official Journal of the Pan-Pacific Association of Input-Output Studies (PAPAIOS)

Table 6 Regression results of Modified Five-Factor Model with human asset for 25 portfolios RPt − RFt = a + b (RMt − RFt) + s SMBt + l LMHt + p RMWt + h CvMAvt + et

From: Role of human assets in measuring firm performance and its implication for firm valuation

Panel A MC_PB

 

a

b

Low

2

3

4

High

Low

2

3

4

High

Small

0.007

0.009

0.011

0.002

− 0.001

0.950

1.017

1.034

0.971

1.093

2

0.010

0.003

0.001

− 0.004

0.004

0.833

0.987

0.886

1.017

0.977

3

− 0.004

− 0.001

− 0.001

0.001

0.003

1.099

1.145

0.930

1.123

0.957

4

− 0.003

0.002

0.010

0.003

0.005

1.021

0.896

1.145

1.062

0.814

Big

0.004

0.001

0.003

0.007

0.002

0.984

1.097

1.014

1.100

0.883

 

S

L

Low

2

3

4

High

Low

2

3

4

High

Small

1.157

1.047

0.828

1.109

1.262

1.128

0.402

0.045

0.014

− 0.458

2

1.634

0.613

0.660

0.902

0.557

0.629

0.106

0.186

0.015

− 0.333

3

0.666

0.475

0.463

0.439

0.304

0.582

0.287

0.114

− 0.100

− 0.088

4

− 0.248

− 0.208

− 0.345

0.103

0.133

1.098

0.553

− 0.120

− 0.144

− 0.261

Big

− 0.374

− 0.400

− 0.308

− 0.223

0.140

0.924

0.462

0.293

− 0.162

− 0.449

 

R

h

Low

2

3

4

High

Low

2

3

4

High

Small

0.641

− 0.012

− 0.175

− 0.060

− 0.375

0.665

0.410

0.320

0.197

− 0.095

2

− 1.033

− 0.409

− 0.120

− 0.171

− 0.231

− 0.458

0.358

0.315

− 0.031

0.158

3

− 0.296

− 0.233

− 0.233

− 0.045

0.036

0.017

0.227

− 0.126

0.073

0.130

4

− 0.029

− 0.143

− 0.466

− 0.100

− 0.041

0.151

0.258

0.475

0.391

0.271

Big

− 0.095

− 0.213

− 0.013

− 0.134

− 0.228

0.025

− 0.014

0.049

0.094

0.087

 

t(a)

t(RM)

Low

2

3

4

High

Low

2

3

4

High

Small

1.543

1.924

2.535

0.635

− 0.284

13.802

15.171

17.172

19.059

19.974

2

1.006

0.582

0.314

− 1.089

1.221

6.094

14.510

16.288

20.033

20.538

3

− 0.854

− 0.280

− 0.235

0.251

0.842

17.952

20.050

16.908

22.639

20.965

4

− 0.724

0.423

2.464

0.839

1.608

17.293

14.842

20.224

21.469

19.427

Big

1.093

0.371

1.032

2.522

1.004

19.383

23.261

28.576

26.745

25.836

 

t(s)

t(l)

Low

2

3

4

High

Low

2

3

4

High

Small

7.459

6.935

6.107

9.664

10.241

6.505

2.380

0.294

0.109

− 3.322

2

5.309

3.999

5.385

7.892

5.195

1.826

0.618

1.359

0.114

− 2.777

3

4.832

3.693

3.734

3.928

2.958

3.774

1.997

0.819

− 0.797

− 0.764

4

− 1.867

− 1.529

− 2.705

0.924

1.408

7.382

3.635

− 0.840

− 1.157

− 2.471

Big

− 3.268

− 3.766

− 3.857

− 2.411

1.815

7.221

3.891

3.272

− 1.563

− 5.214

 

t(r)

t(h)

Low

2

3

4

High

Low

2

3

4

High

Small

3.450

− 0.067

− 1.079

− 0.438

− 2.540

4.217

2.670

2.320

1.684

− 0.759

2

− 2.800

− 2.227

− 0.820

− 1.250

− 1.795

− 1.461

2.295

2.529

− 0.269

1.453

3

− 1.792

− 1.509

− 1.571

− 0.334

0.289

0.122

1.731

− 1.000

0.645

1.240

4

− 0.179

− 0.878

− 3.051

− 0.751

− 0.365

1.115

1.865

3.657

3.449

2.821

Big

− 0.690

− 1.669

− 0.137

− 1.211

− 2.470

0.211

− 0.129

0.607

0.994

1.114

Panel B MC_ROE

 

a

b

Low

2

3

4

High

Low

2

3

4

High

Small

0.007

0.017

0.004

0.003

0.004

1.013

0.727

0.964

1.030

1.082

2

− 0.003

0.000

0.002

− 0.003

0.003

1.041

0.983

0.982

1.095

1.065

3

− 0.003

0.004

0.000

− 0.003

0.005

0.979

1.043

1.054

1.016

0.966

4

− 0.002

0.001

0.009

0.008

0.010

1.049

0.938

0.917

0.915

0.873

Big

0.002

− 0.001

0.005

0.004

0.003

1.073

1.076

1.018

0.983

0.996

 

S

L

Low

2

3

4

High

Low

2

3

4

High

Small

1.542

1.212

1.014

1.108

1.241

0.471

0.218

0.481

0.606

0.277

2

0.791

0.549

0.622

0.972

0.668

0.455

0.289

− 0.036

− 0.046

0.193

3

0.379

0.145

0.222

0.451

0.020

0.364

− 0.137

0.292

0.474

0.267

4

0.068

− 0.143

− 0.228

− 0.194

0.234

− 0.045

0.429

0.171

0.192

− 0.213

Big

− 0.301

− 0.277

− 0.138

− 0.071

− 0.051

0.027

0.088

− 0.084

− 0.144

− 0.010

 

R

h

Low

2

3

4

High

Low

2

3

4

High

Small

− 0.185

− 1.324

0.032

0.508

0.497

0.288

− 0.124

0.193

0.187

0.288

2

− 0.451

− 0.349

− 0.280

0.028

0.238

0.135

0.268

0.072

− 0.112

− 0.081

3

− 0.509

− 0.752

0.062

0.261

0.350

0.541

0.168

0.175

− 0.057

0.438

4

− 0.837

− 0.320

− 0.240

0.080

− 0.015

0.304

0.221

0.142

0.228

0.156

Big

− 0.625

− 0.487

− 0.390

− 0.148

0.256

0.156

0.110

− 0.067

0.119

0.125

 

t(a)

t(b)

Low

2

3

4

High

Low

2

3

4

High

Small

1.502

1.430

0.872

0.772

0.928

14.323

4.186

14.738

17.767

17.609

2

− 0.565

0.050

0.431

− 0.681

0.917

14.486

16.084

17.441

19.352

19.736

3

− 0.674

1.052

− 0.081

− 0.853

1.698

14.103

17.653

18.884

18.775

21.662

4

− 0.397

0.203

2.332

2.153

3.398

15.977

15.427

16.143

16.296

21.330

Big

0.754

− 0.280

1.776

1.458

0.873

22.691

23.645

26.214

23.062

23.150

 

t(s)

t(l)

Low

2

3

4

High

Low

2

3

4

High

Small

9.679

3.097

6.881

8.484

8.969

2.643

0.498

2.921

4.146

1.789

2

4.886

3.990

4.901

7.630

5.501

2.514

1.876

− 0.257

− 0.322

1.419

3

2.426

1.087

1.762

3.702

0.199

2.080

− 0.919

2.074

3.477

2.374

4

0.458

− 1.044

− 1.785

− 1.531

2.539

− 0.273

2.797

1.197

1.355

− 2.061

Big

− 2.826

− 2.700

− 1.579

− 0.741

− 0.521

0.223

0.764

− 0.862

− 1.345

− 0.091

 

t(r)

t(h)

Low

2

3

4

High

Low

2

3

4

High

Small

− 0.971

− 2.821

0.181

3.243

2.997

1.779

− 0.311

1.285

1.404

2.044

2

− 2.323

− 2.113

− 1.844

0.181

1.636

0.820

1.912

0.555

− 0.861

− 0.654

3

− 2.715

− 4.714

0.409

1.788

2.903

3.399

1.241

1.365

− 0.459

4.281

4

− 4.726

− 1.948

− 1.566

0.529

− 0.137

2.018

1.582

1.092

1.774

1.666

Big

− 4.895

− 3.964

− 3.721

− 1.284

2.204

1.439

1.052

− 0.755

1.220

1.270

Panel C MC_TA

 

a

b

Low

2

3

4

High

Low

2

3

4

High

Small

0.009

0.005

0.001

0.017

0.003

0.968

1.034

1.007

0.829

1.056

2

0.001

0.001

0.000

0.001

0.001

1.025

0.991

0.940

0.912

1.087

3

− 0.001

− 0.002

− 0.004

0.000

− 0.005

1.039

0.935

1.126

1.064

1.096

4

0.003

0.007

0.007

0.003

0.008

0.986

0.951

0.955

0.978

1.148

Big

0.007

0.005

0.001

0.007

0.001

0.934

0.856

0.991

1.005

1.105

 

S

L

Low

2

3

4

High

Low

2

3

4

High

Small

1.393

1.063

0.918

1.467

1.292

0.249

0.547

0.524

0.166

0.667

2

0.590

0.608

0.639

0.428

0.809

0.434

0.077

0.160

0.269

0.169

3

0.555

0.306

0.322

0.039

0.487

0.186

0.187

0.212

0.203

0.415

4

0.069

− 0.115

− 0.037

− 0.015

− 0.280

− 0.078

0.087

0.237

0.275

− 0.214

Big

0.023

− 0.038

− 0.135

− 0.387

− 0.185

− 0.287

0.028

− 0.027

0.338

− 0.222

 

R

h

Low

2

3

4

High

Low

2

3

4

High

Small

− 0.278

0.019

0.087

− 0.970

0.383

0.450

0.598

0.372

− 0.508

0.393

2

− 0.155

− 0.342

− 0.368

− 0.171

− 0.130

0.254

0.211

0.047

0.041

− 0.043

3

− 0.373

− 0.201

− 0.018

0.006

0.139

0.213

0.177

0.065

0.298

0.023

4

− 0.348

− 0.289

− 0.122

− 0.082

− 0.369

0.243

0.270

0.144

0.010

0.620

Big

− 0.540

− 0.327

− 0.124

0.240

− 0.305

0.040

− 0.240

0.031

0.210

0.324

 

t(a)

t(b)

Low

2

3

4

High

Low

2

3

4

High

Small

2.086

1.066

0.116

1.572

0.641

15.137

16.100

15.723

5.385

14.610

2

0.204

0.325

0.112

0.363

0.135

17.303

15.719

17.718

16.027

15.933

3

− 0.262

− 0.568

− 1.140

− 0.098

− 0.930

20.169

16.257

22.939

20.032

14.357

4

0.688

1.925

1.928

0.827

1.633

15.551

18.772

18.313

20.050

16.423

Big

2.138

1.672

0.293

2.641

0.344

20.259

21.547

29.695

26.274

24.082

 

t(s)

t(l)

Low

2

3

4

High

Low

2

3

4

High

Small

9.668

7.349

6.364

4.232

7.934

1.547

3.380

3.247

0.428

3.664

2

4.421

4.282

5.345

3.341

5.264

2.907

0.482

1.199

1.878

0.984

3

4.782

2.362

2.908

0.327

2.834

1.432

1.290

1.712

1.517

2.157

4

0.485

− 1.005

− 0.314

− 0.133

− 1.781

− 0.489

0.683

1.802

2.237

− 1.213

Big

0.224

− 0.421

− 1.803

− 4.493

− 1.792

− 2.472

0.278

− 0.319

3.504

− 1.918

 

t(r)

t(h)

Low

2

3

4

High

Low

2

3

4

High

Small

− 1.609

0.108

0.503

− 2.334

1.961

3.068

4.063

2.533

− 1.440

2.371

2

− 0.967

− 2.012

− 2.568

− 1.110

− 0.703

1.872

1.458

0.388

0.313

− 0.273

3

− 2.682

− 1.296

− 0.133

0.042

0.676

1.808

1.346

0.574

2.444

0.131

4

− 2.034

− 2.113

− 0.868

− 0.622

− 1.956

1.674

2.323

1.206

0.086

3.870

Big

− 4.336

− 3.046

− 1.379

2.326

− 2.463

0.376

− 2.634

0.405

2.391

3.086

Panel D MC_TAM

 

a

b

Low

2

3

4

High

Low

2

3

4

High

Small

0.000

0.011

0.010

0.005

− 0.002

1.138

0.691

0.912

1.002

1.006

2

0.002

0.005

0.002

0.000

− 0.001

1.027

0.944

0.954

0.969

0.938

3

− 0.006

0.001

0.007

− 0.003

0.002

1.079

0.995

0.995

1.142

0.905

4

0.003

0.000

0.006

0.004

0.008

1.077

0.796

0.873

0.912

0.976

Big

0.007

0.003

0.002

0.009

0.004

0.864

1.212

1.048

0.969

1.011

 

S

L

Low

2

3

4

High

Low

2

3

4

High

Small

1.229

0.504

1.769

1.292

1.114

0.402

0.895

0.237

0.169

0.407

2

0.464

0.686

0.412

0.858

0.314

0.512

0.136

0.227

0.478

0.228

3

0.724

0.316

0.207

0.184

0.046

0.174

0.061

− 0.068

0.316

0.304

4

0.181

0.094

0.019

− 0.228

0.333

− 0.060

0.339

0.262

0.379

− 0.103

Big

− 0.416

− 0.250

− 0.039

− 0.205

0.087

− 0.146

− 0.068

0.087

0.043

− 0.372

 

R

h

Low

2

3

4

High

Low

2

3

4

High

Small

0.361

0.305

− 0.967

− 0.240

0.022

0.934

0.958

− 0.791

− 0.316

− 0.585

2

− 0.079

− 0.375

− 0.115

0.035

− 0.127

0.867

0.278

0.067

− 0.237

− 0.067

3

− 0.009

− 0.265

− 0.183

− 0.115

− 0.114

0.781

0.167

0.223

− 0.129

− 0.041

4

− 0.332

− 0.039

− 0.041

− 0.193

− 0.138

0.501

0.191

0.166

− 0.087

− 0.375

Big

− 0.354

− 0.090

− 0.013

− 0.172

− 0.312

0.564

0.488

0.185

− 0.070

− 0.152

 

t(a)

t(b)

Low

2

3

4

High

Low

2

3

4

High

Small

0.092

2.066

1.032

1.112

− 0.372

17.528

9.182

6.493

14.802

16.266

2

0.380

1.141

0.463

− 0.116

− 0.137

14.907

15.710

15.380

15.890

15.869

3

− 1.340

0.159

1.693

− 0.599

0.682

17.380

16.959

17.466

18.046

17.422

4

0.791

− 0.107

1.422

1.201

2.443

17.291

14.824

14.429

17.864

20.151

Big

1.519

0.750

0.714

3.091

1.448

13.468

24.320

21.128

24.206

26.912

 

t(s)

t(l)

Low

2

3

4

High

Low

2

3

4

High

Small

8.407

2.976

5.592

8.473

7.997

2.457

4.721

0.669

0.990

2.613

2

2.991

5.069

2.951

6.245

2.359

2.949

0.902

1.452

3.109

1.529

3

5.177

2.389

1.612

1.291

0.392

1.112

0.414

− 0.476

1.982

2.324

4

1.292

0.779

0.142

− 1.984

3.055

− 0.383

2.507

1.719

2.943

− 0.841

Big

− 2.883

− 2.227

− 0.350

− 2.274

1.029

− 0.904

− 0.543

0.700

0.427

− 3.934

 

t(r)

t(h)

Low

2

3

4

High

Low

2

3

4

High

Small

2.059

1.502

− 2.550

− 1.315

0.130

6.278

5.552

− 2.457

− 2.035

− 4.129

2

− 0.426

− 2.312

− 0.687

0.213

− 0.796

5.487

2.017

0.470

− 1.696

− 0.493

3

− 0.051

− 1.673

− 1.192

− 0.675

− 0.810

5.489

1.241

1.712

− 0.889

− 0.345

4

− 1.976

− 0.271

− 0.251

− 1.396

− 1.057

3.513

1.555

1.199

− 0.742

− 3.381

Big

− 2.042

− 0.666

− 0.095

− 1.591

− 3.074

3.841

4.268

1.631

− 0.761

− 1.768

Panel E R2

 

MC_PB

MC_ROE

Low

2

3

4

High

Low

2

3

4

High

Small

0.766

0.755

0.768

0.791

0.777

0.767

0.376

0.736

0.770

0.748

2

0.535

0.742

0.765

0.795

0.794

0.768

0.787

0.759

0.756

0.767

3

0.824

0.832

0.749

0.821

0.797

0.784

0.811

0.794

0.777

0.833

4

0.855

0.785

0.847

0.828

0.782

0.803

0.795

0.775

0.752

0.802

Big

0.876

0.886

0.908

0.880

0.857

0.883

0.885

0.886

0.844

0.830

 

MC_TA

MC_TAM

Low

2

3

4

High

Low

2

3

4

High

Small

0.785

0.798

0.766

0.370

0.732

0.806

0.677

0.448

0.699

0.719

2

0.801

0.750

0.797

0.753

0.719

0.790

0.769

0.724

0.732

0.732

3

0.841

0.761

0.843

0.819

0.680

0.798

0.766

0.762

0.781

0.784

4

0.740

0.821

0.803

0.823

0.777

0.788

0.740

0.714

0.815

0.770

Big

0.822

0.839

0.902

0.890

0.868

0.730

0.872

0.826

0.866

0.866