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The Official Journal of the Pan-Pacific Association of Input-Output Studies (PAPAIOS)

Table 1 Definition of variables and sources of data

From: Uganda’s experience with debt and economic growth: an empirical analysis of the effect of public debt on economic growth—1980–2016

Variable and symbol

Definition

Source of data on variable

GDP growth (GDP)

Growth in gross domestic

Product measured in percentages.

World Bank

Real Interest Rates (RIR)

This is the lending interest rate adjusted for inflation as measured by the GDP deflator

World Bank

Trade Openness (TO)

This study used the sum of exports and imports to GDP ratio as a proxy for trade openness

World Bank and Bank of Uganda

Debt-to-GDP Ratio (DEBT_G)

The ratio of a country’s gross public debt to its gross domestic product

World Bank

Human capital Development (HC)

This is the ability to perform labor to produce economic value (proxied by gross secondary school enrollment rate)

World bank

Population growth rate (POPN_G)

This is the rate at which the number of individuals in a population increases in a given time period, expressed as a fraction of the initial population

World bank

Gross capital formation (K-Fm)

It consists of outlays on additions to the fixed assets of the economy plus net changes in the level of inventories

World Bank

Total debt service/Exports (DEBT_X)

The debt service ratio is the ratio of debt service payments made by or due from a country to that country’s export earnings

World bank