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The Official Journal of the Pan-Pacific Association of Input-Output Studies (PAPAIOS)

Table 5 Pedroni and Kao cointegration test (export is dependent variable)

From: Does infrastructure increase exports and reduce trade deficit? Evidence from selected South Asian countries using a new Global Infrastructure Index

Export

Within-dimension (Panel)

Between-dimension (Group)

v-Statistic

− 1.4074*

2.6440

Group-rho

2.4950***

rho-Statistic

− 1.534*

− 1.9146**

Group-PP

− 1.6704*

PP-statistic

− 3.4253***

0.6203

Group ADF

− 1.9146**

ADF-statistic

− 1.178*

− 1.8524**

Kao test

− 2.22***

  1. ****, ** and * denote the significance at 1%, 5%, and 10%, respectively