On the simultaneous openness hypothesis: FDI, trade and TFP dynamics in Sub-Saharan Africa

Journal of Economic Structures

The Official Journal of the Pan-Pacific Association of Input-Output Studies (PAPAIOS)

Table 7 Correlation matrix (uniform sample size: 123)

TFP	RTFP	WTFP	WRTFP	FDI	Imports	Exports	Education	Gov. Ex	Remit	Credit
1.000	0.260	0.954	0.132	− 0.137	− 0.035	0.498	0.253	0.093	− 0.153	0.281	TFP
	1.000	0.279	0.572	− 0.009	− 0.077	0.333	− 0.075	0.042	− 0.273	0.099	RTFP
		1.000	0.129	− 0.098	0.086	0.505	0.266	0.190	− 0.071	0.265	WTFP
			1.000	0.075	0.069	0.322	− 0.115	− 0.063	− 0.082	0.212	WRTFP
				1.000	0.280	0.193	0.239	0.128	0.038	0.036	FDI
					1.000	0.522	0.422	0.538	0.779	0.210	Imports
						1.000	0.347	0.350	0.050	0.427	Exports
							1.000	0.322	0.352	0.153	Education
								1.000	0.287	0.139	Gov. Ex
									1.000	− 0.082	Remit
										1.000	Credit

TFP total factor productivity, RTFP real total factor productivity, WTFP welfare total factor productivity, WRTFP welfare real total factor productivity, FDI foreign direct investment, Gov. Ex government expenditure, Remit remittance, Credit access to credit