The Official Journal of the Pan-Pacific Association of Input-Output Studies (PAPAIOS)
Table 5 Backward and forward linkages.
From: Diversifying a resource-dependent economy: private–public relationships in the Kuwaiti economy
ISIC | Descriptions | Backward | Forward | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Public | Private | % | Public | Private | % | ||
A | B | C = (B/A)*100 | D | E | F = (E/D)*100 | ||
01–05 | Agriculture and Fishing | 1.000 | 1.478 | 1.000 | 1.184 | ||
10–14 | Mining and Quarrying | 1.048 | 1.753 | 1.672 | 6.372 | 1.164 | 0.183 |
15–16 | Food products, beverages and tobacco | 1.636 | 1.524 | 0.932 | 1.175 | 1.306 | 1.112 |
17 | Manufacture of textiles | 1.000 | 1.455 | 1.000 | 1.021 | ||
18 | Wearing apparel | 1.000 | 1.480 | 1.000 | 1.006 | ||
19 | Leather | 1.000 | 1.551 | 1.000 | 1.043 | ||
20 | Wood products | 1.000 | 1.245 | 1.000 | 1.014 | ||
21 | Paper products | 1.000 | 1.537 | 1.000 | 1.237 | ||
22 | Publishing | 1.000 | 1.471 | 1.000 | 1.323 | ||
23 | Petroleum | 2.113 | 1.507 | 0.713 | 6.648 | 1.032 | 0.155 |
24 | Chemical products | 1.987 | 2.209 | 1.112 | 1.129 | 3.991 | 3.534 |
25 | Rubber and plastics | 1.000 | 1.766 | 1.000 | 1.173 | ||
26 | Non-metallic minerals | 1.000 | 1.582 | 1.000 | 1.510 | ||
27 | Basic metals | 1.000 | 1.335 | 1.000 | 1.492 | ||
28 | Fabricated metals | 1.000 | 1.384 | 1.000 | 1.459 | ||
29–30 | Machinery and equipment | 1.000 | 1.355 | 1.000 | 1.060 | ||
31 | Electrical equipment | 1.000 | 1.353 | 1.000 | 1.035 | ||
32–33 | Medical and precision instrument | 1.000 | 1.537 | 1.000 | 1.032 | ||
34 | Motor vehicles | 1.000 | 1.273 | 1.000 | 1.001 | ||
35 | Transport equipment | 1.000 | 1.354 | 1.000 | 1.013 | ||
36 | Furniture | 1.000 | 1.310 | 1.000 | 1.018 | ||
37 | Recycling | 1.000 | 1.581 | 1.000 | 1.052 | ||
40 | Electricity | 2.924 | 1.000 | 2.682 | 1.000 | ||
41 | Water | 2.835 | 1.000 | 1.634 | 1.000 | ||
45 | Construction | 1.000 | 1.739 | 1.000 | 1.926 | ||
50 | Retail sale and maintenance of automotive fuel | 1.000 | 1.603 | 1.000 | 1.104 | ||
51 | Wholesale trade | 1.000 | 1.307 | 1.000 | 1.736 | ||
52 | Retail trade | 1.472 | 1.532 | 1.041 | 1.009 | 2.250 | 2.231 |
55 | Hotels and restaurants | 1.115 | 1.536 | 1.378 | 1.045 | 2.173 | 2.080 |
60 | Land transport | 1.465 | 1.578 | 1.077 | 1.020 | 1.193 | 1.170 |
61 | Water transport | 1.180 | 1.185 | 1.005 | 1.000 | 1.001 | 1.001 |
62 | Air transport | 2.374 | 1.921 | 0.809 | 1.143 | 1.024 | 0.896 |
63 | Transport services | 1.000 | 2.435 | 1.000 | 2.730 | ||
64 | Post and telecommunications | 1.000 | 1.623 | 1.000 | 1.752 | ||
65 | Financial intermediation | 1.126 | 1.232 | 1.094 | 1.656 | 5.280 | 3.188 |
66 | Insurance and pension funding | 1.000 | 1.375 | 1.000 | 1.021 | ||
67 | Finance related services | 2.109 | 1.660 | 0.787 | 1.001 | 1.125 | 1.124 |
70 | Real estate activities | 1.442 | 1.125 | 0.781 | 1.006 | 3.447 | 3.427 |
71 | Renting of machinery and equipment | 1.000 | 1.244 | 1.000 | 1.386 | ||
72 | Computer and related activities | 1.000 | 1.828 | 1.000 | 1.174 | ||
74 | Other business activities | 1.626 | 1.407 | 0.866 | 1.171 | 2.292 | 1.957 |
75 | Public administration | 1.344 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | ||
80 | Education | 1.137 | 1.329 | 1.170 | 1.040 | 1.013 | 0.974 |
85 | Health and social work | 1.334 | 1.313 | 0.984 | 1.010 | 1.156 | 1.145 |
90 | Sewage and sanitation services | 1.600 | 1.345 | 0.840 | 1.000 | 1.155 | |
91 | Activities of membership organizations n.e.c | 1.346 | 1.494 | 1.110 | 1.007 | 1.007 | 1.000 |
92 | Recreational, cultural and sporting activities | 1.513 | 1.667 | 1.101 | 1.357 | 1.278 | 0.942 |
93 | Activities of private households for own use | 1.000 | 1.611 | 1.000 | 1.003 | ||
95–96 | Activities of private households as employers of domestic staff | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | ||
97–99 | Extraterritorial organizations | 1.000 | 1.658 | 1.000 | 1.015 | ||