The Official Journal of the Pan-Pacific Association of Input-Output Studies (PAPAIOS)
Table 4 ADF and PP and tests of unit root
From: Impact of Economic Structure on the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis in India
Level | ADF | PP | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Intercept | Intercept and trend | Intercept | Intercept and trend | |
LNCO2 | 1.058 | − 1.819 | 1.020 | − 2.012 |
LNGDP | 3.305 | − 1.830 | 5.396 | − 1.940 |
LNGDPSQ | 4.040 | − 1.327 | 6.890 | − 1.363 |
LNPOP | 0.669 | − 1.508 | 6.681 | − 0.237 |
LNURBA | − 4.107 | − 4.894* | − 4.107* | − 4.763* |
LNES | − 1.694 | − 0.138 | − 1.503 | − 0.419 |
LNIND | 0.981 | − 2.616 | 1.715 | − 2.378 |
LNINSQ | 1.194 | − 2.369 | 2.031 | − 2.186 |
First difference | ||||
ΔLNCO2 | − 6.121* | − 6.280* | − 6.167* | − 6.308* |
ΔLNGDP | − 6.388* | − 8.280* | − 6.386* | − 14.602* |
ΔLNGDPSQ | − 5.741* | − 8.158* | − 5.802 | − 14.638 |
ΔLNPOP | − 2.942*** | − 8.344* | − 2.357*** | − 8.245* |
ΔLNURBA | – | – | – | – |
ΔLNES | − 5.446* | − 5.890* | − 5.550* | − 5.915 |
ΔLNIND | − 4.705* | − 4.830* | − 4.681* | − 4.890* |
ΔLNINSQ | − 4.718* | − 4.987* | − 4.550* | − 4.828* |