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The Official Journal of the Pan-Pacific Association of Input-Output Studies (PAPAIOS)

Table 6 ARDL results Model 1

From: Impact of Economic Structure on the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis in India

Variable

Coefficient

Std. Error

t-Statistic

Prob

Long run

 LNGDP

− 6.866*

2.380

− 2.885

0.009

 LNGDPSQ

3.040*

1.136

2.675

0.014

 LNPOP

0.405

0.924

0.438

0.666

 LNURBA

− 2.762*

0.983

− 2.809

0.011

 LNES

2.249*

0.374

6.013

0.000

 C

19.794*

7.203

2.748

0.012

Short run

 D(LNGDP)

− 4.494*

1.364

− 3.295

0.004

 D(LNGDPSQ)

1.957*

0.583

3.359

0.003

 D(LNPOP)

12.904**

4.860

2.655

0.015

 (LNURBA)

− 1.687*

0.532

− 3.174

0.005

 (LNES)

1.374*

0.227

6.064

0.000

 ECT(t−1)

− 0.611*

0.058

− 10.477

0.000

Diagnostic test

 χ2 NORMAL

0.514

[0.773]

R2

0.84

 χ2 SERIAL

1.618

[0.224]

Adj R2

0.77

 χ2 RAMSEY

1.325

[0.314]

D-W test

1.64

 χ2 ARCH

0.128

[0.723]

F-statistic

1616.219*

  1. * and ** indicate 1% and 5% level, respectively
  2. Source: Authors' estimation