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The Official Journal of the Pan-Pacific Association of Input-Output Studies (PAPAIOS)

Table 2 Local capital spending and industrial development: main results

From: The legacy of the reformasi: the role of local government spending on industrial development in a decentralized Indonesia

Variables

Dependent variable: manufacturing

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

MAN(t−1)

0.959*** (0.028)

0.962*** (0.027)

0.959*** (0.026)

0.958*** (0.026)

0.959*** (0.023)

0.961*** (0.023)

LCAP

0.082* (0.043)

0.082** (0.032)

0.083** (0.034)

0.085** (0.036)

0.080*** (0.028)

0.078*** (0.030)

GRDPPC

 

0.665 (0.822)

0.706 (0.799)

0.727 (0.821)

0.443 (0.660)

0.458 (0.720)

GRDPPC2

 

− 0.143 (0.134)

− 0.153 (0.132)

− 0.156 (0.136)

− 0.132 (0.112)

− 0.116 (0.119)

TRADE(t−1)

  

0.001 (0.001)

0.001 (0.001)

0.000 (0.001)

0.000 (0.001)

INFLATION

   

0.052** (0.024)

0.060** (0.026)

0.057** (0.025)

FDIIND

    

0.110*** (0.034)

 

DDIIND

     

0.057** (0.027)

CONS

0.280 (0.364)

− 0.478 (0.820)

− 0.535 (0.807)

− 0.712 (0.849)

− 0.617 (0.714)

− 0.558 (0.762)

Province FE

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Year FE

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Observations

544

544

544

544

544

544

Provinces

34

34

34

34

34

34

Instruments

23

25

26

27

28

28

AR-1

0.020

0.019

0.018

0.019

0.020

0.018

AR-2

0.243

0.243

0.241

0.320

0.241

0.365

Hansen (p-value)

0.257

0.227

0.222

0.311

0.337

0.356

  1. Source: author
  2. AR-1 and AR-2 denotes Arellano–Bond test with p-values results are reported. They are the necessary diagnostics for dynamic panel data estimation, i.e., GMM
  3. Hansen J-test calculates overidentifying restrictions that occurs due to increasing number of instruments. P-value is reported
  4. Robust standard error in parentheses, *p < 0.1, **p < 0.05, ***p < 0.01