The Official Journal of the Pan-Pacific Association of Input-Output Studies (PAPAIOS)
Region | Backward effect | Forward effect | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2000–2005 | 2000–2010 | 2000–2014 | 2000–2005 | 2000–2010 | 2000–2014 | |
Brazil (BRA) | 1.85 | 1.85 | 1.99 | 1.50 | 1.56 | 1.61 |
China (CHN) | 4.57 | 7.20 | 8.37 | 5.99 | 8.23 | 9.45 |
Germany (DEU) | 4.85 | 5.46 | 5.25 | 4.52 | 4.84 | 4.74 |
France (FRA) | 3.51 | 3.61 | 3.81 | 3.82 | 3.90 | 3.92 |
Great Britain (GBR) | 4.32 | 4.30 | 4.33 | 4.61 | 4.57 | 4.54 |
Japan (JPN) | 12.51 | 11.19 | 10.19 | 13.93 | 12.32 | 11.49 |
United States (USA) | 36.90 | 31.78 | 30.94 | 33.04 | 29.43 | 27.93 |
Rest of the World (RoW) | 31.49 | 34.60 | 35.12 | 32.58 | 35.15 | 36.32 |
Total | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 |
Cumulative variation (%) | − 7.5 | − 14.8 | − 21.9 | − 9.1 | − 17.6 | − 24.8 |
Billions of US$ | − 4895 | − 10,836 | − 17,538 | − 6004 | − 12,854 | − 19,666 |