The Official Journal of the Pan-Pacific Association of Input-Output Studies (PAPAIOS)
Region | Backward effect | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BRA | CHN | DEU | FRA | GBR | JPN | USA | RoW | Total | |
BRA | 0.0 | 9.7 | 3.4 | 3.7 | 4.0 | 3.4 | 19.3 | 56.4 | 100.0 |
CHN | 0.8 | 0.0 | 6.5 | 3.4 | 6.1 | 3.2 | 17.3 | 62.7 | 100.0 |
DEU | 0.8 | 5.2 | 0.0 | 8.4 | 9.7 | 1.3 | 11.0 | 63.7 | 100.0 |
FRA | 0.7 | 4.2 | 8.8 | 0.0 | 11.1 | 1.2 | 11.6 | 62.4 | 100.0 |
GBR | 0.5 | 2.4 | 7.2 | 7.3 | 0.0 | 2.1 | 14.1 | 66.3 | 100.0 |
JPN | 0.5 | 15.4 | 6.2 | 2.2 | 4.8 | 0.0 | 16.7 | 54.3 | 100.0 |
USA | 0.9 | 4.3 | 7.7 | 3.3 | 5.3 | 3.1 | 0.0 | 75.3 | 100.0 |
RoW | 2.7 | 19.3 | 13.3 | 9.1 | 12.8 | 7.4 | 35.4 | 0.0 | 100.0 |
Average | 1.4 | 10.3 | 8.6 | 5.8 | 8.4 | 4.0 | 19.9 | 41.5 | 100.0 |
Region | Forward effect | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BRA | CHN | DEU | FRA | GBR | JPN | USA | RoW | Total | |
BRA | 0.0 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 3.3 | 2.8 | 3.6 | 13.2 | 65.9 | 100.0 |
CHN | 1.7 | 0.0 | 4.4 | 2.4 | 2.2 | 10.2 | 8.4 | 70.8 | 100.0 |
DEU | 0.4 | 3.4 | 0.0 | 5.2 | 6.4 | 2.3 | 21.7 | 60.6 | 100.0 |
FRA | 0.7 | 3.3 | 9.9 | 0.0 | 10.9 | 2.0 | 12.4 | 60.9 | 100.0 |
GBR | 0.5 | 2.5 | 10.4 | 10.7 | 0.0 | 2.4 | 7.5 | 66.0 | 100.0 |
JPN | 0.9 | 10.9 | 3.1 | 1.8 | 3.9 | 0.0 | 15.4 | 64.0 | 100.0 |
USA | 1.4 | 6.8 | 5.2 | 3.3 | 5.2 | 6.1 | 0.0 | 72.0 | 100.0 |
RoW | 2.0 | 13.8 | 14.5 | 9.7 | 14.7 | 10.7 | 34.7 | 0.0 | 100.0 |
Average | 1.4 | 8.2 | 8.9 | 6.3 | 8.5 | 7.1 | 20.0 | 39.6 | 100.0 |