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The Official Journal of the Pan-Pacific Association of Input-Output Studies (PAPAIOS)

Table 4 Regional origin of interregional effects between 2000 and 2014 (%)

From: Telecommunications, productivity and regional dependence: a comparative analysis between the Brazil, China and main developed regions in the post-reform period

Region

Backward effect

BRA

CHN

DEU

FRA

GBR

JPN

USA

RoW

Total

BRA

0.0

9.7

3.4

3.7

4.0

3.4

19.3

56.4

100.0

CHN

0.8

0.0

6.5

3.4

6.1

3.2

17.3

62.7

100.0

DEU

0.8

5.2

0.0

8.4

9.7

1.3

11.0

63.7

100.0

FRA

0.7

4.2

8.8

0.0

11.1

1.2

11.6

62.4

100.0

GBR

0.5

2.4

7.2

7.3

0.0

2.1

14.1

66.3

100.0

JPN

0.5

15.4

6.2

2.2

4.8

0.0

16.7

54.3

100.0

USA

0.9

4.3

7.7

3.3

5.3

3.1

0.0

75.3

100.0

RoW

2.7

19.3

13.3

9.1

12.8

7.4

35.4

0.0

100.0

Average

1.4

10.3

8.6

5.8

8.4

4.0

19.9

41.5

100.0

Region

Forward effect

BRA

CHN

DEU

FRA

GBR

JPN

USA

RoW

Total

BRA

0.0

5.6

5.6

3.3

2.8

3.6

13.2

65.9

100.0

CHN

1.7

0.0

4.4

2.4

2.2

10.2

8.4

70.8

100.0

DEU

0.4

3.4

0.0

5.2

6.4

2.3

21.7

60.6

100.0

FRA

0.7

3.3

9.9

0.0

10.9

2.0

12.4

60.9

100.0

GBR

0.5

2.5

10.4

10.7

0.0

2.4

7.5

66.0

100.0

JPN

0.9

10.9

3.1

1.8

3.9

0.0

15.4

64.0

100.0

USA

1.4

6.8

5.2

3.3

5.2

6.1

0.0

72.0

100.0

RoW

2.0

13.8

14.5

9.7

14.7

10.7

34.7

0.0

100.0

Average

1.4

8.2

8.9

6.3

8.5

7.1

20.0

39.6

100.0

  1. Source: research results
  2. The elements of the main diagonal of the matrices denote intraregional relationships and are therefore null