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The Official Journal of the Pan-Pacific Association of Input-Output Studies (PAPAIOS)

Table 5 Ng–Perron test results

From: Asymmetric relationships between information and communication technology (ICT), globalization, and human development in India: evidence from non-linear ARDL analysis

Variables

MZa

MZt

MSB

MPT

Inference

Level

1st difference

Level

1st difference

Level

1st difference

Level

1st difference

LnHDI

− 214.459

− 8.906*

− 10.167

− 1.585*

0.047

0.178*

0.914

11.866*

I(1)

LnKOFGI

− 11.812*

− 26.400

− 2.260*

− 3.632

0.191*

0.138

8.567*

3.457

I(0)

LnMD

− 3.024*

− 13.053*

− 1.038*

− 2.547*

0.343*

0.195*

25.488*

7.023*

I(0)/ I(1)

LnID

− 4.174*

− 9.505*

− 1.320*

− 2.178

0.316*

0.229*

20.539*

9.595*

I(0)/ I(1)

Critical values:

1%

− 23.800

− 3.420

0.143

4.030

 

5%

− 17.300

− 2.910

0.168

5.480

10%

− 14.200

− 2.620

0.185

6.670

  1. Source: authors’ estimation from UNDP, WDI, and ETH Zurich KOF data
  2. * implies significant at 1% level, respectively