Asymmetric relationships between information and communication technology (ICT), globalization, and human development in India: evidence from non-linear ARDL analysis

Journal of Economic Structures

The Official Journal of the Pan-Pacific Association of Input-Output Studies (PAPAIOS)

Table 6 Lee and Strazicich (2003) LM unit root test (one-break) and Zivot–Andrews structural break unit root test results

Variables	Lee and Strazicich LM unit root test				Zivot–Andrews unit root test
Variables	t-statistic	Break points	Lags	Inferences	Level	1st difference	Inferences
LnHDI	− 6.392**	2009	8	I(0)	− 10.470*	− 4.746	I(0)
LnKOFGI	− 9.226**	2003	8	I(0)	− 3.707	− 8.722*	I(1)
LnMD	− 15.078**	2009	7	I(0)	− 1.435	− 3.379
LnID	− 7.815**	2004	7	I(0)	− 2.730	− 5.581*	I(1)

Source: author’s calculations
The value of Zivot–Andrews for 1%, 5% and 10% are − 5.57, − 5.08, and − 4.82, respectively
* and ** imply significant at 1% and 5% level, respectively