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The Official Journal of the Pan-Pacific Association of Input-Output Studies (PAPAIOS)

Table 1 Description of variables

From: Can information and communication technology and institutional quality help mitigate climate change in E7 economies? An environmental Kuznets curve extension

Name of indicators

Abbreviation

Proxies/scales of measurement

Sources

Carbon dioxide emissions per capita

CO2

Measured in metric tonnes

WDI

Income

Y

It is proxied by the gross domestic product per capita (2010 Constant USD)

WDI

Square of income

Y2

It measures the square of GDP per capita

WDI

ICT internet use

ICT

Internet users (per 100 people)

WDI

Renewable energy consumption

R

% of total final energy consumption

WDI

Fossil fuel

F

Fossil fuel energy consumption (% of total)

WDI

Economic globalization

EG

KOF globalization Index

Gygli et al. (2019) https://kof.ethz.ch/en/forecasts-and-indicators/indicators/kof-globalisation-index.htm

Institutional quality

INSQ

CPIA transparency, accountability, and corruption in the public sector rating

WDI

  1. Source: Created by the authors