The damage and reconstruction of the Kumamoto earthquake: an analysis on the impact of changes in expenditures with multi-regional input–output table for Kumamoto Prefecture

Journal of Economic Structures

The Official Journal of the Pan-Pacific Association of Input-Output Studies (PAPAIOS)

Table 2 Annual cumulative increase and decrease in expenditure and ripple effects

The values for the annual cumulative total are the sum of the estimated for the amounts of increases or decreases by industry, item, and month in each stage and region. The annual cumulative increase and decrease in expenditure is the sum of \({\Sigma }_{k}{\Sigma }_{m}\boldsymbol{\Delta }{{\varvec{F}}}_{{\varvec{m}}}^{{\varvec{k}}\cdot{\varvec{l}}}\) by region. The annual cumulative increase and decrease in ripple effect is the sum of \({\Sigma }_{k}{\Sigma }_{m}\boldsymbol{\Delta }{{\varvec{X}}}_{{\varvec{m}}}^{{\varvec{k}}\cdot{\varvec{l}}}, {\Sigma }_{k}{\Sigma }_{m}\boldsymbol{\Delta }{{\varvec{V}}}_{{\varvec{m}}}^{{\varvec{k}}\cdot{\varvec{l}}}\) by region. The domestic total demand is the sum of \({\Sigma }_{k}{\Sigma }_{m}\left({\varvec{T}}-\widehat{{\varvec{M}}}{{\varvec{T}}}_{{\varvec{L}}}\right)\boldsymbol{\Delta }{{\varvec{F}}}_{{\varvec{m}}}^{{\varvec{k}}\cdot{\varvec{l}}}\) by region in the analytical model (7). However, tourism consumption is separately multiplied by the adjusted self-sufficiency rate. In addition, regional households consumption distributed by \(\left({\varvec{T}}-\widehat{{\varvec{M}}}{{\varvec{T}}}_{{\varvec{L}}}\right)\) include tourism consumption, so some of the consumption of the two overlaps. Regarding these, household consumption may have been overestimated, because it is deemed difficult to make adjustments due to various constraints