Efficiency, and economies of scale and scope in Japanese agricultural cooperatives

Journal of Economic Structures

The Official Journal of the Pan-Pacific Association of Input-Output Studies (PAPAIOS)

Table 1 Descriptive statistics

Variables	Total		Urban area		Rural area
Variables	Mean	Std. Dev.	Mean	Std. Dev.	Mean	Std. Dev.
Total cost (C)	114,846	101,849	112,080	60,907	116,895	123,771
Total asset of credit business (Y₁)	1,949,947	1,589,625	3,070,639	1,819,577	1,119,804	573,853
Total asset of insurance business (Y₂)	1645	1784	2478	2173	1029	1074
Total asset of economic business (Y₃)	26,485	29,124	17,569	11,620	33,091	35,712
Price of labor (p₁)	5.3762	1.0345	5.9379	1.0398	4.9602	0.8104
Price of capital (p₂)	0.1694	0.0430	0.1823	0.0413	0.1598	0.0417
Price of credit business (p₃)	0.0012	0.0009	0.0012	0.0009	0.0012	0.0008
Price of insurance business (p₄)	0.2046	0.0900	0.1764	0.0835	0.2255	0.0891
Observations	752		320		432

All financial data are in million yen
All financial data are deflated by the Japanese GDP deflator and taken from Annual Report on National Accounts provided by Economic and Social Research Institute (ESRI)