The Official Journal of the Pan-Pacific Association of Input-Output Studies (PAPAIOS)
Table 1 Unit root tests results
From: Revisiting the electricity consumption-led growth hypothesis: is the rule defied in France?
Variables | MZa | MZt | MSB | MPT |
|---|---|---|---|---|
\(\ln Y_{t}\) | − 5.24913 (1) | − 1.32343 | 0.25212 | 16.2964 |
\(\ln EC_{t}\) | 0.42424 (2) | 0.23999 | 0.56569 | 76.3302 |
\(\ln F_{t}\) | − 0.19402 (5) | − 0.30163 | 1.55459 | 441.331 |
\(\ln K_{t}\) | − 7.01357 (1) | − 1.82956 | 0.26086 | 13.0459 |
\(\ln TO_{t}\) | − 7.95355 (1) | − 1.78050 | 0.22386 | 12.0059 |
\(\ln EX_{t}\) | − 5.94145 (3) | − 1.49934 | 0.25235 | 15.0515 |
\(\ln IM_{t}\) | − 12.5424 (1) | − 2.34799 | 0.18720 | 8.09920 |
\(\Delta \ln Y_{t}\) | − 19.3972(2)** | − 3.11199 | 0.16044 | 4.71158 |
\(\Delta \ln EC_{t}\) | − 23.4457 (1)* | − 3.40809 | 0.14536 | 3.98105 |
\(\Delta \ln F_{t}\) | − 27.4054 (2)* | − 3.70167 | 0.13507 | 3.32534 |
\(\Delta \ln K_{t}\) | − 23.7261 (1)* | − 3.44045 | 0.14501 | 3.86358 |
\(\Delta \ln TO_{t}\) | − 23.8173 (2)* | − 3.44744 | 0.14475 | 3.84666 |
\(\Delta \ln EX_{t}\) | − 23.3170 (3)* | − 3.41408 | 0.14642 | 3.91038 |
\(\Delta \ln IM_{t}\) | − 18.8370 (2)** | − 3.05442 | 0.16215 | 4.92560 |