The Official Journal of the Pan-Pacific Association of Input-Output Studies (PAPAIOS)
Table 8 VECM Granger causality results
From: Revisiting the electricity consumption-led growth hypothesis: is the rule defied in France?
Dependent variable | Type of causality | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Short run | Long run | |||||
\(\sum \Delta \ln Y_{t - 1}\) | \(\sum \Delta \ln EC_{t - 1}\) | \(\sum \Delta \ln F_{t - 1}\) | \(\sum \Delta \ln K_{t - 1}\) | \(\sum \Delta \ln TO_{t - 1}\) | \(\sum \Delta \ln TO_{t - 1}\) | |
\(\Delta \ln Y_{t}\) | – | 7.3639*** [0.0024] | 0.8278 [0.4464] | 4.4349** [0.0202] | 16.2868* [0.0000] | − 0.1631* [− 4.4861] |
\(\Delta \ln EC_{t}\) | 0.7126 [0.4984] | – | 0.1330 [0.8419] | 0.0207 [0.9795] | 0.4322 [0.6530] | − 0.5961 [− 4.5928] |
\(\Delta \ln F_{t}\) | 2.5007*** [0.0909] | 0.5639 [0.5749] | – | 0.0633 [0.9388] | 2.0707 [0.1433] | − 0.8204* [− 3.2507] |
\(\Delta \ln K_{t}\) | 10.3237* [0.0004] | 0.8177 [0.4510] | 0.1896 [0.8283] | – | 0.8246 [0.4481] | − 0.2657* [− 3.3544] |
\(\Delta \ln TO_{t}\) | 16.2790* [0.0000] | 1.4137 [0.2585] | 2.0118 [0.1510] | 0.3139 [0.7328] | – | – |
| Â | \(\sum \Delta \ln Y_{t - 1}\) | \(\sum \Delta \ln EC_{t - 1}\) | \(\sum \Delta \ln F_{t - 1}\) | \(\sum \Delta \ln K_{t - 1}\) | \(\sum \Delta \ln EX_{t - 1}\) | \(ECT_{t - 1}\) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
\(\Delta \ln Y_{t}\) | – | 4.1745** [0.0251] | 1.1672 [0.3250] | 17.5632* [0.0000] | 10.7514* [0.0003] | − 0.3347*** [− 1.9763] |
\(\Delta \ln EC_{t}\) | 1.6781* [0.0000] | – | 0.0934 [0.9111] | 0.2128 [0.8095] | 0.1472 [0.8637] | − 0.4838** [− 2.4603] |
\(\Delta \ln F_{t}\) | 0.1297 [0.8686] | 0.5753 [0.5686] | – | 0.0074 [0.9926] | 0.2079 [0.8134] | − 1.0004* [− 3.9696] |
\(\Delta \ln K_{t}\) | 27.4559* [0.0000] | 1.5326 [0.2324] | 0.0363 [0.9648] | – | 0.6268 [0.5411] | − 0.2917** [− 2.7502] |
\(\Delta \ln EX_{t}\) | 12.2242* [0.0001] | 1.2976 [0.2876] | 0.6280 [0.5403] | 0.9417 [0.4008] | – | – |
| Â | \(\sum \Delta \ln Y_{t - 1}\) | \(\sum \Delta \ln EC_{t - 1}\) | \(\sum \Delta \ln F_{t - 1}\) | \(\sum \Delta \ln K_{t - 1}\) | \(\sum \Delta \ln IM_{t - 1}\) | \(ECT_{t - 1}\) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
\(\Delta \ln Y_{t}\) | – | 5.0905** [0.0123] | 4.5044** [0.0192] | 3.9775** [0.0290] | 15.8681* [0.0000] | − 0.2305*** [− 1.8153] |
\(\Delta \ln EC_{t}\) | 1.0110 [0.3759] | – | 0.3736 [0.5914] | 0.0928 [0.9116] | 0.5965 [0.5571] | − 0.5087* [− 4.2218] |
\(\Delta \ln F_{t}\) | 7.7339** [0.0348] | 0.1253 [0.8826] | – | 0.7382 [0.4865] | 2.0005 [0.1529] | − 0.6617* [− 3.0982] |
\(\Delta \ln K_{t}\) | 2.5232*** [0.0971] | 1.1841 [0.3199] | 1.9641 [0.1579] | – | 1.9382 [0.1616] | − 0.2164** [− 2.7020] |
\(\Delta \ln IM_{t}\) | 9.3251* [0.0007] | 0.6030 [0.5530] | 16.2080* [0.0000] | 7.0109* [0.0031] | – | – |