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Journal of Economic Structures

The Official Journal of the Pan-Pacific Association of Input-Output Studies (PAPAIOS)

Table 7 Pooled mean group (PMG) estimation results in the EEE1

From: Evaluation of environmental energy efficiency and its influencing factors: a prefecture-level analysis of Japanese manufacturing industries

Variable

Food, beverages, and tobacco

Textile

Pulp and paper

Chemical, oil, and coal

Ceramic, stone, and clay

Iron and steel

Machinery

Manufacturing

Long-run coefficients

 GDPC

0.147360***

0.119176**

0.287689**

0.065143

0.317358***

0.000987

0.770468***

0.124310***

(0.044047)

(0.050132)

(0.114281)

(0.069830)

(0.101730)

(0.050811)

(0.181140)

(0.038482)

 (GDPC)2

− 0.013150***

− 0.016931**

− 0.053956***

− 0.002060

− 0.040417***

0.000275

− 0.084354***

− 0.014479***

(0.004949)

(0.006778)

(0.015034)

(0.008642)

(0.012120)

(0.005466)

(0.021488)

(0.004587)

 IS

0.636207***

0.800343***

− 1.182101***

2.050849***

1.584145***

0.897043***

0.696221***

0.123055**

(0.068811)

(0.262021)

(0.325306)

(0.309755)

(0.393550)

(0.175925)

(0.191261)

(0.056312)

 EI

2.619090***

0.125938*

− 0.549127***

0.065448

− 0.526078***

0.215417**

0.168755

0.236930**

(0.270163)

(0.072922)

(0.086130)

(0.072448)

(0.144798)

(0.093065)

(1.502901)

(0.110316)

 Error correction coefficient

− 0.579107***

− 0.604490***

− 0.417961***

− 0.467912***

− 0.559152***

− 0.442013***

− 0.397703***

− 0.557076***

(0.060363)

(0.058340)

(0.043413)

(0.067305)

(0.057536)

(0.049781)

(0.043114)

(0.054241)

Short-run coefficients

 ΔGDPC

0.872251

0.735941

− 0.160085

− 2.424064**

2.684560*

− 0.755117

− 1.121660

− 0.514275

(0.875910)

(0.867530)

(0.578635)

(1.164258)

(1.550172)

(0.972145)

(1.027743)

(0.600495)

 Δ(GDPC)2

− 0.156977

− 0.074715

0.034954

0.428707*

− 0.472959*

0.091305

0.179237

0.093136

(0.130263)

(0.127341)

(0.088492)

(0.227241)

(0.250677)

(0.174097)

(0.161293)

(0.106981)

 ΔIS

0.670795

− 1.067714

5.170944*

0.405509

1.391207

0.546000

0.275745

− 0.289220

(0.456197)

(2.008301)

(2.672574)

(1.176597)

(2.227386)

(0.506880)

(0.235868)

(0.219094)

 ΔEI

− 0.535951

0.150601

− 0.111445

0.266835

− 0.244567

− 1.106138

0.406767

− 3.527508***

(1.176269)

(0.283678)

(0.248756)

(0.655872)

(0.559241)

(0.771286)

(2.395601)

(1.013906)

 Constant

0.252151***

0.332681***

0.232160***

0.109252**

0.087599***

0.338307***

− 0.391421***

0.325640***

(0.034445)

(0.045070)

(0.031294)

(0.043195)

(0.025015)

(0.041906)

(0.046563)

(0.037055)

 Trend

− 0.002542***

0.002464**

0.001951**

− 0.000346

0.000467

− 0.002797**

− 0.002589**

− 0.000800

(0.000857)

(0.001164)

(0.000876)

(0.001094)

(0.001169)

(0.001297)

(0.001219)

(0.000648)

 Observations

1034

1034

1034

1034

1034

1034

1034

1034

 Turning point (million yen)

5.60

3.52

2.67

–

3.93

–

4.57

4.29

  1. The values in parentheses are standard errors. The turning points are GDP per capita at 2000 constant prices
  2. *p < 0.1
  3. **p < 0.05
  4. ***p < 0.01
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