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The Official Journal of the Pan-Pacific Association of Input-Output Studies (PAPAIOS)

Table 1 Measurement and data sources of the study’s variables

From: The relative effectiveness of fiscal and monetary policies in promoting Egypt’s output growth: an empirical investigation using an ARDL approach

Variable symbol

Description/measurement

Data source

Specification 1

 ngdp_g

Annual growth rate of GDP in current prices

Calculated by the author based on the World Bank’s data on GDP in current LCU

 ngov_cons_g

Annual growth rate of general government final consumption expenditure in current prices

Calculated by the author based on the World Bank’s data on general government final consumption expenditure in current LCU

 bm_g

Annual growth rate of broad money

The World Bank

 nexport_g

Annual growth rate of exports of goods and services in current prices

Calculated by the author based on the World Bank’s data on exports of goods and services in current LCU

Specification 2

 ln_rgdp

Natural logarithm of GDP in constant prices

Calculated by the author based on the World Bank’s data on GDP in constant LCU

 ln_rgov_cons

Natural logarithm of general government final consumption expenditure in constant prices

Calculated by the author based on the World Bank’s data on general government final consumption expenditure in constant LCU

 ln_rbm

Natural logarithm of broad money in constant prices

Calculated by the author based on the World Bank’s data on broad money in current LCU and the Consumer Price Index (CPI)

 ln_rexport

Natural logarithm of exports of goods and services in constant prices

Calculated by the author based on the World Bank’s data on exports of goods and services in constant LCU