The Official Journal of the Pan-Pacific Association of Input-Output Studies (PAPAIOS)
Dependent variable: HHI | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Method used | Panel least squares | 2-Step system GMM | ||
Pooled OLS | Fixed effect | |||
Independent variables | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 |
C | 0.213*** (0.000) | 1.053*** (0.000) | 0.0219** (0.021) | 0.0203*** (0.004) |
FIXEDBB | 0.000117 (0.938) | 0.00103 (0.361) | 0.000201 (0.255) | 0.000160 (0.361) |
FIXEDTSP | 0.00272*** (0.000) | 0.00197 (0.271) | 0.000388*** (0.003) | 0.000311** (0.045) |
ICTGIMPOT | 0.00268** (0.017) | − 0.000540 (0.548) | 0.000495** (0.024) | 0.000488*** (0.009) |
INTUSE | 0.000648** (0.014) | 0.000189 (0.367) | − 0.0000447 (0.158) | − 0.0000674* (0.060) |
MOBUSE | − 0.000325*** (0.000) | 0.000175** (0.0249) | − 0.00000798 (0.398) | 0.00000288 (0.779) |
SINTERNET | 0.0000016 (0.342) | − 0.000000427 (0.698) | 0.000000169 (0.126) | 0.000000133 (0.380) |
FINDEV | 0.000247** (0.049) | 0.000737*** (0.001) | − 0.00000218 (0.945) | – |
FININC | 0.0000589 (0.920) | − 0.00676*** (0.000) | – | 0.0000188 (0.793) |
RLAW | − 0.039751*** (0.000) | − 0.0263*** (0.000) | − 0.00162 (0.129) | − 0.00108 (0.333) |
LogGEXP | 0.018894*** (0.000) | 0.0152*** (0.000) | 0.00339*** (0.001) | 0.00326*** (0.001) |
TROPEN | 0.000543*** (0.000) | − 0.0000459 (0.624) | 0.0000314 (0.101) | 0.0000172 (0.421) |
PSE | 0.000320*** (0.000) | 0.0000952 (0.456) | 0.0000556*** (0.009) | 0.0000399** (0.045) |
LogL | − 0.0228*** (0.000) | − 0.0533*** (0.0004) | − 0.00306*** (0.000) | − 0.00309*** (0.000) |
LogK | 0.0000579 (0.987) | − 0.010016** (0.0141) | − 0.000589 (0.484) | − 0.000511 (0.492) |
INF | − 0.000269 (0.185) | − 0.000173 (0.266) | − 0.0000818** (0.039) | − 0.0000876** (0.031) |
HHI(− 1) | – | – | 0.877*** (0.000) | 0.892*** (0.000) |
R-squared | 0.4644 | 0.8030 | AR(1) = − 3.32 (0.001) | AR(1) = − 3.38 (0.001) |
Adj. R-squared | 0.4533 | 0.7888 | AR(2) = 1.04(0.298) | AR(2) = 1.05(0.295) |
F-statistic | 41.848*** (0.000) | 55.124*** (0.000) | WT = 133,368.84*** (0.000) | WT = 465,030.24*** (0.000) |
Durbin–Wat. stat | 0.212 | 0.559 | Instr. rank = 51 | Instr. rank = 51 |
Hausman test | – | 46.39(0.000)*** | HT = 12.05 (0.797) | HT = 11.52 (0.828) |