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Journal of Economic Structures

The Official Journal of the Pan-Pacific Association of Input-Output Studies (PAPAIOS)

Fig. 1 | Journal of Economic Structures

Fig. 1

From: A new identification method of economic large shocks in the input–output framework: application to the COVID-19

Fig. 1

Shocks and industry interaction. The diagram distinguishes between three types of shocks to COVID-19. The blue solid lines represent direct shocks to the industries (\(i\) and \(j\) here for the example). The red dashed and broken lines aggregate all shocks indirectly related to COVID-19. The green lines, with arrows in both directions, are the shocks induced due to interactions between the industries

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