Journal of Economic Structures

The Official Journal of the Pan-Pacific Association of Input-Output Studies (PAPAIOS)

Table 3 Panel first-generation unit root test results

From: Threshold effects of technology import on industrial employment: a panel smooth transition regression approach

Variables	In Level			In First Difference
Variables	LLC	IPS	LM	LLC	IPS	LM
Developing countries
LnEMPLOY_IND	−2.953^*	−0.629^***	26.961^***	−3.617^***	−4.290^***	10.181^***
LnIMPORT_T	−2.029^**	−1.988^**	13.927^***	−4.901^***	−6.395^***	−0.679
LnCPI	1.789	5.097	31.363^***	−6.258^***	−4.506^***	0.805
LnFDI	−2.784^***	−3.239^***	6.496^***	−1.290^*	−7.614^***	−2.070
LnIAV	−1.009	−0.286	9.995^***	−4.271^***	−5.126^***	−0.035
Developed countries
LnEMPLOY_IND	−3.208^***	0.247	29.592^***	−3.254^***	−4.261^***	−2.012^**
LnIMPORT_T	−2.988^**	−2.697^**	20.243^***	−6.466^***	−4.737^***	0.856
LnCPI	−3.805^***	−1.502^*	29.757^***	−4.436^***	−3.642^***	0.3680
LnFDI	−3.615^***	−4.433^***	0.947^*	−6.284^***	−6.800^***	−2.136
LnIAV	−2.262	−1.157	25.630^***	−2.403^*	−4.176^***	0.336

^*, ^**, and ^*** significant at 10%, 5%, and 1%

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